18th and 19th Century Key Concepts and Movements
Key Concepts and Movements of the 18th and 19th Centuries
Romanticism
Romanticism was a cultural and political movement that originated in Germany and the United Kingdom in the late 18th century. It was a revolutionary reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment and Classicism, prioritizing emotion and individual experience.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a historical period between the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century. England first, and then the rest of continental Europe, experienced the most significant set of socioeconomic, technological, and cultural changes in human history since the Neolithic period.
Capital
Capital is what managers themselves consider necessary to address the risks of the banking business.
Phalanstère
Communities theorized by the French utopian socialist Charles Fourier were called phalansteries or phalanges.
Cooperative
The social movement or doctrine that advocates the cooperation of its members in economic and social matters. Producers and consumers form voluntary associations called cooperatives to achieve greater benefits and satisfy their needs.
Union
An association of workers, originating in the 19th century, created to defend their occupational interests.
Plebiscite
A consultation in which a proposal is submitted to a vote, allowing citizens to express their opinion for or against it.
State
The supreme independent and sovereign political entity.
Nationalism
Nationalism is an ideology and a socio-political movement that emerged alongside the concept of the nation itself in the contemporary age, during the historical circumstances of the Age of Revolutions (Industrial Revolution, Bourgeois Revolution, Liberal Revolution).
Liberalism
Liberalism is a philosophical, economic, and political ideology that promotes civil liberties and advocates for the maximum limit to the coercive power of governments over individuals.
Reich
In German, Reich means Empire. The First Reich was founded in the 10th century, and the Second Reich in 1871.
Statement
A military uprising against the established government, led by a military leader.
Domestic System
A system of industrial homework in which a craftsman and his family worked at home, using machinery and raw materials provided by a merchant employer.
Proletarian
The proletariat is a term used to designate the lowest social class of the modern age. In the capitalist mode of production, proletarians are forced to sell their labor to the bourgeoisie because they lack the means of production.
Capital
Capital is what managers themselves consider necessary to address the risks of the banking business.
Phalanstère
Communities theorized by the French utopian socialist Charles Fourier were called phalansteries or phalanges.
Cooperative
The social movement or doctrine that advocates for the cooperation of its members in economic and social matters. Producers and consumers form voluntary associations called cooperatives to achieve greater benefits and satisfy their needs.
Union
An association of workers, originating in the 19th century, created to defend their occupational interests.
Romanticism
Romanticism was a cultural and political movement that originated in Germany and the United Kingdom in the late 18th century. It was a revolutionary reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment and Classicism, prioritizing emotion and individual experience.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a historical period between the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century. England first, and then the rest of continental Europe, experienced the most significant set of socioeconomic, technological, and cultural changes in human history since the Neolithic period.