19th Century Spain: From Carlos IV to Alfonso XIII

Posted on Oct 18, 2024 in History

19th Century Spain

1. Carlos IV (1788-1808)

Min. Manuel Godoy

French Revolution: War on France

Treaties of San Ildefonso (alliance with France): Battle of Trafalgar

Treaty of Fontainebleau

Mutiny of Aranjuez

2. Fernando VII (1808)

Bayonne abdications

3. José I (Bonaparte) (1808-14)

War of Independence

2nd May 1808

afrancesados / fernandinos

guerrillas

Battles of Bailén, Arapiles, Vitoria & S. Marcial

Parliament of Cádiz

  • Junta Central Suprema
  • Cortes Constituyentes

Liberales / conservadores

Legislation:

  • Freedom of the press
  • Torture abolished
  • Inquisition, noble states & guilds suppressed
  • All citizens equal
  • Right of property

Constitution 1812

  • National sovereignty
  • Moderate hereditary monarchy
  • Separation of Powers:
    • Leg: King + Cortes unicamerales
    • Exe: King
    • Jud: Courts
  • Spanish American Independence

4. Fernando VII (1814-33)

A. Sexenio Absolutista

conservadores / liberales

Absolute monarch (Cádiz & legislation X)

Unsuccessful pronunciamientos

Pronunciamiento Col. Riego

B. Trienio Liberal

moderados / exaltados

100,000 Sons of St. Louis (Holy Alliance)

C. Década Ominosa

Crisis:

  • Fiscal (Latin American Independence)
  • Political tensions

Dynastic succession (Ley Sálica)

Pragmática Sanción

5. Isabel II (1833-68)

A. Minority

1. Regency of María Cristina

1st Carlist War

moderados vs progresistas

Mutiny of La Granja

Desamortización of Mendizábal

Estatuto Real de 1834 (not in your book)

Constitution 1837

2. Regency of Espartero

Pronunciamiento Narváez

B. Majority

1. Década Moderada

Constitution 1845

Centralism

progresistas, demócratas, republicanos

pronunciamiento O’Donnell

2. Bienio Progresista

desamortización of Madoz

3. Moderados & Unionistas

Unión Liberal / moderados

Crisis:

  • Conservatism
  • Authoritarianism
  • Revolts

Pact of Ostend

1868 Revolution (Generals Serrano & Prim)

6. Democratic Sexennium (1868-74)

A. Provisional Government

Constitution 1869

B. Amadeo I

C. First Republic

Cantonal Revolution

3rd Carlist War

Cuban War

General Martínez Campos

7. Restoration (1874-98)

A. Alfonso XII (1874-85)

Constitution 1876

turno pacífico

  • conservadores (Cánovas)
  • liberales (Sagasta)

Political manipulation: caciquismo, pucherazo

New parties:

  • PSOE
  • Nationalists (Catalonia, Basque Country & Galicia)
  • Anarchists

B. Alfonso XIII (1885-1931)

Regency of María Cristina

Disaster of ’98

Regenerationism