20th Century Avant-Garde Movements
Bilingualism and Diglossia
The linguistic phenomenon in which a society speaks two or more languages is called bilingualism. According to prestige and social value, there are two types of bilingualism:
- Individual: When a bilingual speaker uses different languages with no contact between them in both oral and written communication.
- Social: Concerns not only the individual but also society. Social bilingualism occurs when an imbalance arises in the use of languages in contact.
Features of Current Spanish
Phonetic and Orthographic Features
The phonetic system of the Spanish language is made up of 5 vowels and 19 consonants. It presents intensity accents represented graphically with the tilde, and its orthography is simple.
Lexical Features
Most of the vocabulary comes from Latin, but its openness allows for the incorporation of new terms by different mechanisms, such as a tendency to lexical formation, frequent use of acronyms, euphemisms, abundant use of political jargon, and so on.
Morphological and Syntactic Features
Morphologically, Spanish is characterized by the distinction of gender and number in nouns and adjectives, and by complex verbal inflection. Syntactically, it distinguishes the possibility of omitting the subject.
Other features include: adverbialization of adjectives, use of the infinitive verb, employment of “to” to enhance negation, fillers, a tendency to mitigate the expression of an order, and so on.
Avant-Garde Movements
Artistic and cultural movements that arose in Europe had a clear eagerness for renewal and change from previous approaches. Followers of the avant-garde movement tried to hold a revolution in every field of society and not only in the artistic one.
Features
- Rejection of previous art: The avant-garde considered useless and with no artistic contribution all previous cultural movements.
- Creativity and originality above all: Interest in any innovative aspect.
- Experimentation: Thematic search for surprising and new forms of expression.
- Irrationality: Expression of the deeper facets of the human mind.
- Elitism: Monitoring by a select minority audience attracted by the renovating aspect of the new art.
- Rebellion and provocation: Purpose of differentiating themselves from the masses and the intention to provoke with their art.
- Playful intention: Art for art’s sake. The avant-garde avoided the transcendental artistic sense, understanding art as something self-sufficient.
Futurism and Fauvism
: Futurism: Marinetti founded he first avant-garde movement known as Futurism. N l s futurist manifesto advocating ntr other things: – The radical rejection last dl: L art is focused on the fu starro-The attraction makinas d x the recently released: L attractive design and dl speed automobile, the airplane becomes inevitable emotion and attraction to the modern world. – L unsentimental: For future human pain s not more important klk feel an electric lamp d “The apology of violence: The Futurists argue for a clean d artistic type expires radical destruction based n d ks everything considered alien to the ideology proposal. Tecnicas future: the future literary aims to achieve a new expression by destroying d the syntax, the omission d punctuation signs d and the images d elimination conventional lead n it k imaginaciion wireless and the words No freedom. fauvism: Appears n Paris. Can be considered one the first moves pictorial d d dl twentieth century art and literature had a reduced impact. The artists performed movimientp nl d this salon d Fall gaudy works with d arbitrarily applied. Int Pintors hese stresses Henri Matisse. Expressionism, cubism and Dadaism: Dadaism: Founded x the Romanian writer Tristan Tzara. Dl term given the choice means nothing n particular, as l s d a child babbling. The Dada gave up the meaning for the spontaneity and improvisation. This blocked the creation Stetic Anikilacion d literary works and kx convincents staban No system against art and beauty dl. Cubism: L cubism is more of an impact n kn painting literature. The general characteristic d d st art movement was attempted to bring the reality k dsd d different view points and all at once. The most innovative composition were calligrams. Expressionism: Est Germanic origin d avant-garde movement emerged in the early twentieth century dl. S baso No siguients aspects of “inner reality, the reality intrior k s the most important exterior. Interpreting reality-d, l x influenced artist interprets their anguish and their emocions fructacions. -Inner turmoil, disturbance sta dl artist addressed the audience with objective l d s influence through his work.