20th Century Spanish Literature: Novel and Theatre
The Novel
Previous Novel
realistic fiction (late nineteenth century naturalist) reflected a socially stable with a lasting morality. from the crisis of the end of the century, new social and historical reality of the twentieth century did writers become internal conflicts of the human being the main theme of his novels. the modernists and the group of 98 were the first to renew the narrative genre. from 1914 novecentista generation followed the line of the first intellectual European avant-garde, these defenders of pure art sought a formal renewal, using a style care. Esapña political developments since the late ’20s led to a change in attitude of the writers. gave way to a rehumanization and the novel was the means to expose human conflict.
during the first half of the nineteenth
First-naturalism is still persisted Blasco Ibáñez, and his work the 4 horsemen of the apocalypse and Alejandro Saw and his work in the background lighting.
Posterirmente-generation appears to ss 98 features:
concern about the situation in the country, moerdernizar wish of the country, national concern (makes Spain the focus of their work), the essence of Spanish and eternal values of philosophers inflencia irrationality as Schopenahaur, worry x human subjects ( the meaning of life), desire to renew our language literary recover traditional planbras defend anti rhetorical style, and modernized the traditional genres.
Azorín represented by authors such as that discussed issues such as the passage of time and landscape, highlight Antonio Azorín, Doña Inés. tb is important Unamuno, one of the greatest representatives of the Generation of ’98, existential issues as the religious problem, Nivola, Aunt Tula. and finally it’s important to tb Pio Baroja, for him the novel is a genre that encompasses everything, an open gender, was against novelists who start from a closed argumeno. The tree of knowledge, and trilogies like the sea or cities.
“Apareción the Novecentismo later. group of writers who are released during the 1914 so they yama q tb generation of 14, are considered the most important group of intellectuals of modern Spain are a bridge between the generation end of the century and the avant-garde . Ortega y Gasset, Gregorio Marañón, Pérez de Ayala, manuel feat and JRJ, among others. Ortega and G highlight was my major for the emergence of this generation The Dehumanization of Art, Perez de Ayala stands out with its intellectual novel, stories with an intellectual style, wry humor difficult language, Tigre Juan Ramon Gomez de la Serna include tb , was the creator of the novel emphasizes modern and Gabriel Miro tb a lyrical novel, classical language Wanderer. characteristics of this generation:
intellectual work, political commitment, concern eEspaña, educational effort, preference for the test, elitist concept of art, intellectual cosmopolitanism.
Novel, poetry and Valle Inclán. in principle use a modernist aesthetic language of sound and music, Sonatas, dp escribión trilogy Carlist War so begins the evolution to a more harsh and critical lenjuaje since 1920 and created the monstrosity that he gave his novels as sarcastic characteristics Tirano Banderas the theater here criticizes the Latin American dictatorships. belong to the nonsensical poems Kif pipe in which we see a grotesque and vicious world.
“Avant-garde novel, uses techniques pioneered by Joyce and sometimes narrator is influenced x other current and Surrealism. as the authors note Gomez de la Serna.
-The social novel: the avant-garde after apareción the social novel. its most important are Manuel Benavides and Ramon J. sender. this type of novel denounces social injustice, the reader is comporometerse in the transformation of the country.
FORMER THEATRE
during the first half of the nineteenth century, the isolation of the country to European culture and poor economic development make the Spanish theater to stay out of innovative drama from other countries. eco interests them. of employers who are unwilling to give cutting edge works will condition the style of a teratro that refuses to evolve. many playwrights adapted to the bourgeois public. This commercial teratro lives with renewed attempt. after the Civil War, the censorship imposed by the new regime, the need to escape and exile or death of some playwrights came after the theater to do more tracidicional Spains.
early twentieth century
the theater was divided into three classes, high comedy, theater, poetry and theater comedy:
-High comedy: mild critiques of moral conflicts of the bourgeoisie, a language settings jujosos care representative másximo Jacinto Benavente was born in Madrid, their songs just evolved during his career. according to the intent of his works can be classified as: works of criticism of the bourgeoisie outside the nest, Autumn Roses, here is to regain the lost moral values. works in which there is a temporary break with the line accommodative Vested interests, facing the real love interest to econ. dramas in which they harassed the hypocrisy of rural society, the unloved, offers a topical view of the world.
Theater-poetic verse, mixing historical and romantic drama with a superficial modernist idiom. traditional theater in their ideas, legends and characters recovers nobles. include Eduardo Marquina, Grancisco Villaespesa Manuel and Antonio Machado.
Comedy-drama: issues surface with a pattern that resolves favorablemene easy. popular and authentic characters. Arniches stand and Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quintero.
first third of S. XX
during the first third of S. XX nineteenth century drama in Spain lives with the renewed attempt. first with the 98 Generation with authors like Unamuno focuses on the drama without action Phaedra, or Azorín shows his obsession with the passage of time on his work unseen. then appears Valle-Inclan, originality him away from any typecasting, though it includes more traditional criticism in the group of 98, evolved from modernism to absurdity, in its creation has three stages, the modern era of Souls The Wasteland, the transition with the trilogy Comedy Barbarian and gars as Head of Dragon and stage finally none of these things where they emphasize Boemia lights next to him appears Gomez de la Serna.
commercial theater in the late ’20s no different from previous decades, literary quality continues without offering only with the intention of attracting an audience without concerns. outside the commercial theater attempts were made dramatic renewal in some of these groups include innovative Valle-Inclán. with the 2nd Republik was promoted the approach of the culture (and so the theater) to other social media. to this end created the Pedagogic Missions formed groups of university pro who developed literacy campaigns … some activities were theatrical performances of which handled the group led by Teatro del Pueblo Casona. aim was to find an audience that was not contaminated by the bourgeois public apricot taste. the most important playwright of this era was Federico Garcia Loca, other Max Aub, Casona. We talked about Lorca: experienced: the symbolist theater, Puppet theater marionestas Don Cristobal, modernist verse drama, the people faras for The Shoemaker’s Prodigious. during the 30s experimentción their desire led him through two paths: the avant-garde theater next to Surrealism and the theater realistic. More conventional are Blood Wedding, Yerma Doña Rosita the Spinster or The Language of Flowers and The House of Bernarda Alba. have in common the theme of social marginalization of women. Blood Wedding and Yerma are classical tragedies mixed prose and verse are symbolic elements. The house ….. is one of the high art of its author drmático.
stresses within the comic genre Poncela, joined in his works feature conventional cutting edge and humor. Civil War did not involve the disruption of the theatrical production. in big cities controlled by the Republican government continued to represent the same events from previous years. But they promote a kind of theater that was in the service of the Republic. the dynamics of the war boosted cración theatrical groups which carry the works of one side to another. you enter a theater with military content, theater Alberti emergency Miguel Hernandez … much smaller theatrical activity during the Civil War in Nationalist Spain.
BACK THEATRE
the end of the Civil War, the intellectual landscape in Spain was destroyed. was introduced in Spain a political regime that imposed on the entire literary production a system of censorship. in the 40s, three major works nenovación marked the path of literature: the novel The Family of Pascual Duarte, Camilo José Cela, the poetry book Children of the wrath of Damaso Alonso and history play a straight Antonio Buero Vallejo, who was awarded the Lope de Vega and was premiered with great success in Madrid to coincide with the social development of poetry and the novel of social realism, Buero Vallejo’s work meant the INIC of realistic theater. Near Vallejo, Sastre will start the renovation of the Spanish scene. will come after them a realistic group of authors for the 50 and 60 develop their dramatic work, many turn to formal and thematic different masks that allow them to circumvent the scene. others will see his works banned until the arrival of democracy. this leads to critical to distinguish two main stages in the Spanish drama production in the second half of the twentieth century: the theater in the company and theater censorship in democracy. after the democratic transition, are rescued dramatic texts by authors from the Civil War, which had not been able to spread in Franco’s Spain, the scene is restutuyen forbidden texts of the immediate past, and on the other hand, the independent theater groups prefesionalizan forming stable companies and emerging new writers.
theater censorship Society 1950-1975
Aora there are three kinds of theater: the theater realistic, critical and nonconformist, addresses fundamental problems of human beings. in the 60s some authors continue the work started by Buero Vallejo and SAST are Lauro Olmo and Carlos Muniz, realistic theater is characterized by issues such as social injustice, players characterized as vícitimas, violent language, direct and rejection forms of avant-garde theater and theater of the absurd. Buero Vallejo outstanding story of a ladder bracket to death Sastre, Muñiz, Olvmo Lauro, Antonio Gala The green fields of Eden. after this teratro appears unrealistic drama, which addresses the same issues that the authors ralistas but with a different aesthetic, poetic language, rejects realism incorporates symbolic elements, influeenciado by Brecht, sustitición-person character in the character-sign, development nonlinear action, preference for the satirical farce, highlighted Nieva, for their quality and the extraordinary potential of its staging, tb are important independent theater groups as Tabano, La Cuadra. Finally came the drama of consumption without inención cryic, its main purpose is to entertain the bourgeois public, is set in spacious, luxurious, the theme is love and adultery highlight Poncela A husband return, Miguel Mihura three top hats during the 40 and 60 Alfonso Paso …
democracy theater 1975-present
become enduring works of renowned authors xejem.Buero Vallejo, snow, or Arrabal. can speak of Arrabal, took up residence in France and works published in French then translated into other languages, was one of the founders of Panic Theatre (confusion, terror, random, euphoria). tb triumphs Gala Theatre Good days lost. Fermin Cabal You’re crazy, Fernando Fernan Gomez Bicycles are for summer. new authors publish works on democracy, simple language, include Navy and Ernesto Caballero, is finally stable cran theater groups like La Fura Bau, Tricicle and La Cubana.