6
PRESENT SIMPLE (Jo estudio) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you study | Do I / you study? | I / you don’t study |
He / she / it studies | Does he / she / it study? | He / she / it doesn’t study |
We / you / they study | Do we / you / they study? | We / you / they don’t study |
·Use: Habits and repeated actions / True statements.
·Adverbs: never, rarely, not often, seldom, occasionally, sometimes, often, usually, always.
·Position: Before verb / After “to be”.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Estic estudiant) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I am studying | Am I studying? | I am not studying |
You are studying | Are you studying? | You aren’t studying |
He / she / it is studying | Is he / she / it studying? | He / she / it isn’t studying |
We / you / they are studying | Are we / you / they studying? | We / you / they aren’t studying |
·Use: Actions we’re doing now / Plans for a near future.
·Adverbs: Now, right now, at the moment.
·Position: Beginning or end.
PAST SIMPLE (Jo estudiava) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you studied | Did I / you study? | I didn’t study |
He / she / it studied | Did he / she / it study? | He / she / it didn’t study |
We / you / they studied | Did we / you / they study? | We / you / they didn’t study |
·Use: For a past finished action.
PAST CONTINUOUS (Jo estava estudiant) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I was studying | Was I studying? | I wasn’t studying |
You were studying | Were you studying? | You weren’t studying |
He / she / I t was studying | Was he / she / it studying? | He / she / it wasn’t studying |
We / you / they were studying | Were we / you / they studying? | We / you / they weren’t studying |
·Use: For an incomplete action in progress.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (Jo havia caminat) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you had studied | Had I / you studied? | I hadn’t studied |
He /she / it had studied | Had he / she / it studied? | He / she/ it hadn’t studied |
We / you / they had studied | Had we / you / they studied? | We / you / they hadn’t studied |
·Use: For a past action that happened before another past action.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE (Jo he caminat) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you have studied | Have I / you studied? | I / you haven’t studied |
He / she / it has studied | Has he / she / it studied? | He / she / it haven’t studied |
We / you / they have studied | Have we / you / they studied? | We / you / they haven’t studied |
·Use: For an incomplete action in progress.
·Adverbs: For, since, already, yet.
FUTURE SIMPLE (Jo caminaré) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you will study | Will I / you study? | I / you won’t study |
He / she / it will study | Will he / she / it study? | He / she / it won’t study |
We / you / they will study | Will we / you / they study? | We / you / they won’t study |
·Use: Future predictions, spontaneous decisions.
BE GOING TO (Jo vaig a caminar) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I’m going to study | Am I going to study? | I’m not going to study |
You’re going to study | Are you going to study? | You aren’t going to study |
He / she / it is going to study | Is he / she / it going to study? | He / she / it isn’t going to study |
We / you / they are going to study | Are we / you / they going to study? | We / you / they aren’t going to study |
·Use: Intentions and plans, predictions based on evidence.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS (Jo estaré caminant) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you will be studying | Will I / you be studying? | I / you won’t be studying |
He/she/it will be studying | Will he/she/it be studying? | He/she/it won’t be studying |
We / you / they will be studying | Will we / you / they be studying? | We / you / they won’t be studying |
·Use: For the future actions in progress at specific moment.
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE (Jo hauré caminat) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you will have studied | Will I / you have studied? | I / you won’t have studied |
He / she / it will have studied | Will he / she / it have studied? | He / she / it won’t have studied |
We / you / they will have studied | Will we / you / they have studied? | We / you / they won’t have studied |
·Use: For the future actions in progress at specific moment.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (Jo he estat caminant) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you have been studying | Have I / you been studying? | I / you haven’t been studying |
He / she / it has been studying | Has he / she / it been studying? | He / she / it hasn’t been studying |
We / you / they have been studying | Have we / you / they been studying? | We / you / they haven’t been studying |
·Use: An action that started in the past and which still continues in the present. An action whose results are still apparent.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (Jo vaig estar caminant) | ||
Affirmative | Interrogative | Negative |
I / you had been studying | Had I / you been studying? | I / you hadn’t been studying |
He / she / it had been studying | Had he / she / it been studying? | He / she / it hadn’t been studying |
We / you / they had been studying | Had we / you / they been studying? | We / you / they hadn’t been studying |
·Use: An action which continued up to another past action.