A Comprehensive Guide to Language Learning Approaches for Preschool Children

Posted on Aug 30, 2024 in Teaching & Education

1. Approaches to Language Learning

1.1. What are the 3 main approaches to language learning?

The 3 main approaches to language learning are:

The Behavioristic Approach: Based on imitation.
The Innate Approach: Claims children are born with the ability to speak.
The Interactionist Approach: Based on learning the language through its social use.

2. Benefits of Early English Learning

2.1. Why is it recommended for children to learn English in preschool?

Learning English in preschool (ages 0-6) is beneficial because:

Children acquire languages more easily at this age.
They can achieve native-like pronunciation before the critical period (10-12 years old).

3. Language Development in Early Childhood (0-6 Years)

3.1. Language Skills at Different Ages:

3.1.1. 2-3 Years:

Understand almost everything they hear.
Learn new vocabulary quickly.
Express themselves orally.
Invent new words when necessary.

3.1.2. 3-4 Years:

Understand almost everything in their native language.
Decipher the meaning of words and expressions in a second language.

3.1.3. 4-5 Years:

Understand everything.
May have some pronunciation difficulties but can correct them.
Curious about new words and learn quickly from various sources.

3.1.4. 5-6 Years:

Use grammar almost correctly.
Begin reading and writing.

4. Method vs. Approach

4.1. What is the difference between a method and an approach?

An approach is a theoretical framework for language teaching. A method is the practical application of an approach, using its principles to teach a language.

5. Language Teaching Methods and Approaches

5.1. Definitions:

Communicative Approach: Focuses on using language for real communication in meaningful contexts.
Silent Way: Developed by Caleb Gattegno, emphasizes learner autonomy and encourages students to produce language while the teacher remains mostly silent.
Direct Method: Relies solely on the target language, focusing on oral skills and minimizing grammar explanations.
TPR (Total Physical Response): Uses physical activities to facilitate language comprehension before speaking.
Suggestopedia: Employs suggestion, music, and a relaxed environment to enhance learning and create a positive teacher-student relationship.

6. Storytelling in Language Teaching

6.1. What is storytelling and its advantages?

Storytelling involves using stories with age-appropriate language and actions. Its advantages include:

Stimulating imagination.
Improving listening skills.
Fostering a love of language, reading, and creative writing.
Enhancing vocabulary, comprehension, sequencing, and story recall.
Building community through shared experiences.

7. Functional Language for Young Learners

7.1. What is functional language and what does it include for small children?

Functional language is language used in everyday situations. For preschoolers, it relates to routines at home and in the classroom. It includes:

Single concepts.
Classroom vocabulary.
Doublets (e.g., up and down).
Basic questions and answers.
Movement verbs.
Short sentences (mainly imperatives).

8. Using Classroom Language Effectively

8.1. How and why is it important to use classroom language appropriately?

Classroom language is crucial because it provides consistent exposure to English. Teachers should:

Speak clearly and slowly.
Use understandable language.
Avoid excessive correction.
Encourage and praise efforts.

9. Classroom Dynamics for Language Learning

9.1. Examples and Usefulness:

Flashcards: Aid memorization through visual association.
Songs: Familiarize students with sounds and rhythms of the language.
Dramatizations: Facilitate understanding and integration of language through theatrical representation.

10. Objectives of English in Preschool

10.1. Main Objectives:

Understand oral texts (songs, rhymes, stories).
Participate in regular communication situations.
Use verbal and nonverbal resources for effective communication.
Appreciate the value of foreign languages and cultures.

11. Curriculum Content Examples

11.1. Examples of Content for Preschool:

Birthdays
Colors and Numbers
Geometric Shapes
Fruits
Animals

12. Considerations for Teaching Content

12.1. Important Considerations:

Conduct the class primarily in English.
Use English in various classroom situations.
Utilize the mother tongue when necessary, followed by translation back to English.

13. Teaching Sequences and Routines

13.1. What is a teaching sequence?

A teaching sequence establishes routines that provide structure and security for students, facilitating learning and organization. Examples include discussing the date, storytelling, or using a song as a transition activity.

14. Importance of Time and Space in Class Activities

14.1. Space:

Organizing the space allows for different activities and teaching methods, such as”working corner” or utilizing different rooms and outdoor areas. This promotes student autonomy and learning.

14.2. Time:

Managing time effectively involves alternating between activities that require physical movement and those that demand concentration. This caters to the limited attention span of young learners.

15. Reflection on a Storytelling Video

15.1. Why a particular storytelling video was interesting:

A video demonstrating storytelling techniques using puppets and dolls was insightful because it highlighted effective and ineffective practices, providing valuable learning points.

16. Affective Filter and Motivation

16.1. Definitions:

Affective Filter: Refers to a student’s self-confidence or lack thereof when learning a second language. A higher affective filter can hinder learning, while a lower affective filter promotes risk-taking and active participation.
Motivation: Linked to a student’s goals and desires. Motivated students are more likely to progress and succeed in language learning.