A Concise History of Europe: From the Enlightenment to the Spanish Civil War
SOCIALES 1
Girondist, name given to a political moderate, federalist group of the National Assembly and National Convention it was composed by several deputies from the Gironde. Is a constitutional monarchy form of government where the monarch holds the head of state.’s Suffrage or census-allocation is the right to vote only to the portion of the population that is registered in a census.
The manufacture describes the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale.
Autarky is a concept that refers to the condition of the people, places, machinery, building societies, industrial systems or nations that do not need or they reject any foreign aid.
Enlightened Despotism
2 the majority of European monarchs continued to exercise absolute power Frederick II of Prussia, Marnie Theresa, Catherine of Russia and the Spanish monarch Carlos III, attempted to reconcile the principle of authority of absolutism with the idea of progress, rationalization and modernity of the enlightened despots Ilustración.Los promoted a certain reforms to act for the good of the reformist political pueblo.Su was characterized by the rationalization of state administration.
3
Europa Restoration winners States between 1814 Napoleon met and 1815, Austrian Chancellor Metternick proposal, the Congress of Vienna to the restoration of absolutism monárquico.Las Vienna Congress decisions were completed with the Holy Alliance (1815) a treaty of mutual assistance among European monarchs to any threat of liberal revolution, which allowed the right of military intervention.4 The economic liberalism of Adam Smith establició principles of liberalism: The personal interest and pursuit of maximum profit is the engine of laeconomía.Los various interests are balanced in the market through the price mechanism that adjusts the supply to demanda.El State must refrain from interfering in the functioning of the economy and the free development permet special interests.
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Democratic Sexenio period in the history of Spain since the triumph of the revolution of September 1868 until December 1874 ruling that marked the beginning of the period known as Restoration.
6 stratified society was divided into two groups: the privileges (nobility and clergy) and unprivileged (commons or third estate). The privileged owned most of the land, lived in the rents, enjoyed honorific privileges, economic and clergy lived fiscales.El of income derived from the exploitation of their land and heritage of the tithe.The class society landed nobility continued to play an important role in society, however in the late nineteenth century, some aristocratic families were ruined and had to be selling their new moneyed class was patrimonio.La gentry, the nobility shared with his social dominance and was the owner of the new middle class industrias.La was sparse and consisted of small entrepreneurs industriales.En cities continued to experience a large number of artisans and service people working in domestic service, most of half were mujeres.El industry growth led many farmers lost their jobs were employed in new industries, along with the artisans out of work, and formed the industrial proletariat.
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The causes of the First World War rivalry coloniales.Los powers conflict between rival empires had their preferred scenario in Morocco(1905 and 1911). The exaltation nacionalista.Enfrentaba to Germany and France since the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1817). In addition, both nations wanted to lead the European continental hegemony and saw the other as his great enemiga.Alemania and Britain also maintained a strong rivalry for control of sea routes and trade internacional.El conflict of Balcanes.Esta area of Europe was a hotbed of tension since the mid XIX.Austria wished to dominate the much sought región.Rusia protect Serbia and all Slavic peoples (Slavism) and increase their power in the area and occupy the Bosporus and Dardanelso, which would open the Mediterranean Sea to their fleets.
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The characteristics of Nazism and its rise to power
Consequences of the 1929 crisis were very hard on withdrawal of American capital Alemania.La dragged many banks to bankruptcy, prompting the closure of factories, unemployment and social unrest unrest social.El Inclinor a good part of the population towards the proposals of the parties extremistas.Burgueses ruined, desperate peasants and workers were lured by promises Nazis intellectuals favored the party comunista.En the 1932 elections, the Nazi party won 13 million votes and in January 1933, persuaded the President Hindenburg appoint Hitler canciller.Poco later, the Nazis started a fire squads in fire Reichstag.Este Hitler served as a pretext to eliminate his opponents and require full powers. In 1934, after the death of Hindenburg and Chancellor Hitler proclaimed the Third Reich.
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Azana reforms
Azana during the interim government was minister of the army and during this time I lead a reform of the army achievement Retirement Act 40% officers left the army, abolished the general academy of Zaragoza, repealed the old Act the court of jurisdiction, it reduced the number of captain-general.10 Causes of the Civil War in Spain
July 17, 1936 in Melilla, Tetuan and Ceuta and July 18 in the Peninsula an important sector of the army (Franco, Mola,) who was joined Falangists traditionalists and staged a coup Estado.Se seized of the governing bodies of some cities and formed a board of senior military officers, intending to restore order and end the government Popular.El Front government was slow to respond and, in two days, lso fuertes.El rebels had made July 19, José Giral, the new head of government, it was decided to deliver arms to the militias of the unions and parties of the Front Popular.Parte the army, security forces and large Republican sectors of the middle class committed to the Republic remained loyal to gobierno.España was divided into two zones, marking the outbreak of Civil War.