A Guide to Spanish Grammar: Clauses, Verbs, and Sentence Structure

Posted on Sep 23, 2024 in Teaching & Education

Subordinate Clauses

Substantive Clauses

  1. That: I want to tell me soon, I loved you to have that detail with it.
  2. If: Hesitant in sentences of type (do not know if I will come tomorrow) or doubtfully questioning: (tell me if you come tomorrow).
  3. Relative pronouns and interrogative adverbs such as what, where, when, how, who, how … When S. Sust is an indirect interrogative (interrogative sentence that acts as a CD), it can take almost any pronouns as links, determiners, or adverbs: I do not know what time it is / when it will arrive / how you did it / who is …, etc.

NO LINK:

  1. With infinitive verb: When the subject of the main verb (1) is the same as the subject of the verb subordinate, the subordinate verb in the infinitive is placed and is not linked:
    I want you to do – * I want me to do -> I want to do it
  2. In cases of indirect speech: Manuel said: “Tomorrow I will be here at eight”

Adjectival Subordinate Clauses

The adjectival subordinate clauses may be included in prayer by a relative pronoun (who, whom, which), determining relative (whose) and relative adverb (where, how, when, how). These elements play a dual role:

  • On one hand, they serve as the nexus of the subject.
  • On the other hand, they play a role in the subject. To check what their role within the subject is, it is useful to provide a replacement for its antecedent (the word or phrase referred to in the subordinate clause).

The adjectival subordinate clauses can be constructed with a participle. In this case, the link is not relative.
I left the roads built for fast travel and disinterested and went by the other, the local news.
The main function of the subordinate is the adjacent adjective within a noun phrase that is the antecedent of the nucleus: The houses that receive much sun are bright. The houses are bright sunshine.

Adverbial Subordinate Clauses:

  • Time: Nexus: where, before, after, while, if, as soon as, while. I came out [before you call me].
  • Manners: Nexus: as, like, Ml as, as, depending, depending, as if. He did [as directed].
  • From site: Nexus: Where, where, where, where, where, from where, so far. The book is [where you left].
  • Grounds: Nexus: since, because, because, of course, since. I came [because I needed to talk to you].
  • Consecutive: Nexus: so that, so that, to the point that, while, so that, that, so. Élhabla [from (such) so that all they hear].
  • Conditional: Nexus: yes, but, but, provided that, provided that. [If I knew] you tell him.
  • Finals: Nexus: so that, in order that, in order that, with a view to his. Call me [for talks].
  • Comparative: Nexus: how, more than, less than, equal to, as better than, worse than that. It is so good [as (was) Rockefeller].
  • Concessive: Nexus: although, though, though. [Although it is sad] does not show it.

Gerund constructions:

Diego came to the tenth floor [throwing his heart at the mouth].

Comparative constructions:

They know [more than you think].
Works [both as sleeping].

Participle constructions:

Finished the exams, went to party.

+ To Infinitive constructions:

When looking for the keys, I discovered the theft.

Personal and Impersonal Verbs

Impersonal verbs are those that are not compatible with the idea of a lexical subject (and therefore coordination with one person), and are separated into those that are considered equity (also called “one-man”), and improper.

The verbs themselves are impersonal verbs, in its original sense, come together only in the 3rd person singular. This category is made by the “meteorological verbs” or “weather” (rain, snow, etc.).. These verbs are intransitive.

“The improper impersonal verbs, by contrast, are verbs that, while in some contexts have a normal conjugation, can be used as impersonal (hence the category of unfit). For example: the word “make” can be used in contexts like:

“Spartacus does his homework.”

or phrases like

“It’s hot”

In this second example, it is being used as an impersonal verb. Unfit impersonal verbs are:

  • Haber: “There are things to do.”
  • Do: “It’s very hot.
  • Bastar (as “sufficient + preposition”): “Enough talk.”
  • Being: “It is night.
  • Go: “I did well in the exam” or I did well in the tennis match

Verbal Periphrasis:

Classes 1 periphrasis concerning the output:

  • “Obligation: have to + infinitive to have to + inf. Having to + inf.
  • -Ability: Power + inf, + inf duty. Having to + inf.

2nd verbal periphrasis classes relating to the verbal action:

  • Perfective-Meaning: Refers to the completion or termination of an action or a verbal process; complete the + inf. Failure to + inf. Having + past participle. Getting to + inf.
  • Inchoative-Meaning: Meanings inchoative or income refers to the principle of action: go to + inf. Be to + inf. Start making + inf + inf + inf throw.
  • -Means iterative Mere repetition of an action: soler + inf. Back to + inf.
  • And progressive-durative Meaning: Shows the action in its course: estar + gerund. The progressive states from least to most: go + gerund. + Gerun follow or continue. Bring + gerun.

Audio verbal versus verbal periphrasis:

  • “A verbal phrase is a set of words, of which at least one is a verb that functions as a single core of the predicate.
  • There are verb phrases formed by 2, the 2nd of which appears in a form not personal.

Reasons not to be confused with the verbal periphrasis:

  1. Locuc.verb normally 1. Equivalent to a single idea that can be projected into a single verb. Ex: give ladoàmarginar
  2. 2 In the locuc.verb no main or auxiliary verbs: It is all set to select the subjects and complements.

Types of SE:

  • SE-impersonal-> subject never wears. Ex: life is good in Spain.
  • Reflects passive-SE-> with a subject patient, the verb in the passive. Example: You hear footsteps.
  • Variant of LE-SE-> CI functions as a CD accompanying example: I told you.
  • He reflectively> works as CD or IC, is given to reflexive verbs. Example: John is washed.
  • -SE reciprocal-> functions as CD, as well as IC. Eg greet them.
  • -SE with pronominal verbs-> no function. Ex: marriage.
  • SE-reflexive pronoun can be eliminated. Ex: she ate the cake / she ate the cake.
  • Semantic value-SE with office-> ex: she left the umbrella / she left her umbrella.
  • Reflexive false-SE-> ex: eat.