Action Plans for Migrant Protection and Roma Inclusion
Action Plans
Protection Programs for Migrants
Protection programs for migrants working in the following areas:
- Additional aid for care retirement (base non-contributory pensions), disability (to work in countries with no social protection), health care, and costs of migration and return (requested before the expiration of 2 years after the return).
- Aid to facilitate social integration and vocational guidance. Guidance activities, information, and occupational training for employment.
- Aid to educational, cultural, and social activities (participation of children in holiday programs or scholarships).
- Aid to welfare and cultural institutions and associations: grants for studies, support for the creation and maintenance of day centers and senior residences.
In 1999, a Spanish study on living away and immigrants who have arrived in Spain. This report makes the following recommendations:
- Continue to encourage the participation of migrants and support their associations.
- Continue to promote measures to make it easier and faster to return.
- Consolidation of non-contributory pensions for those over 65 years without resources residing outside, strengthen the structures of welfare for those living outside in countries that have not developed welfare states.
Social Action for Minorities: Specialized Care for Roma Community
1. The Social and Historical Construction of Marginalization
The Gypsy population in Spain is made up of more than 500,000 people. The Roma form a group with a distinctive culture that marks their lifestyles, but not to the point of explaining their situation of marginalization and deterioration of well-being. The marginalization of the Roma serves a social and historical process in which the difficulties of our social system to take the differences of social groups have played an important role. Various studies show that the origin of the Roma population is in India; it was a town devoted to trade and merchant vacation who was looking for new paths and joined the warriors in their incursions into Europe. For over seventy-five years, there was mutual respect and admiration. However, at the end of the fifteenth century, the tension increased until it flowed into a process of social exclusion, occurring in 4 steps:
//- Stage of first contact and absence of conflict until the promulgation of the first Pragmatic laws.
//- Stage removal of uncomfortable people. Gypsies are offered to give up their culture and take craft knowledge or training to serve any master, setting the latter’s farmland as required and the only office for the Roma.
//- Legal-integration period in which the threat of expulsion appears, but there are desperate attempts to avoid cultural differences and nomadism.
//- Charles III declares subjects like the rest, but the process of marginalization had taken root and continued until the twentieth century.
/// Since industrialization, the situation of Roma is worst; many of their offices are the first to disappear or become unimportant. A little late nineteenth century began to appear the first attempts to improve the situation of this population. These attempts are aimed at promoting education and arise mainly from the CHURCH. In 1978, an agreement was signed between the Ministry of Education and the National Apostolate for Gypsy Roma schools. In the new democratic period, the proceedings will be gradually expanded from various areas of social welfare.