Airline
Posted on Sep 28, 2023 in Other subjects
t1.aviation value chain and legal framework.
The aviation value chain.-
Production facilities.airframe and engine manufactures,leasing companies like airbus,boeing.
-infraestructure.airports,air traffic control (eurocontrol) and weather service(dwd).-
special services.computer reservation systems(amadeus) and airline services(skychef).
-regulation.authoritues like LBA,FAA,etc.
National and supranational institutions.
BMVBS.Federal Ministry of Transport and Housing.·DFS,Offenbach.Air traffic control.·LBA,
Braunschweig.Office of Civil Aviation.·BFU,Braunschweig.Air accident investigation department.·DWD,Offenbach.Weather service.
International organizations.-International Ciil Aviation Organization(ICAO).Sub-organization of the United Nations.They develop and harmonize standards for operating and safety procedures around the globe.-International Air Transport Association(IATA).Airlines association.Interest group and service provider to the world’s airlines.-European Aviation Safety Agency(EASA).Develop and decree European construction standards,operating,licensing and safety procedures for civil aviation.-European Organization for the Safety of Aitr Navigation(EUROCONTROL).-Important national Civil Aviation Authorities.Federal Aviation.
Deutsche Flugscherung GmbH.-offices at all german transport category airports.-four area control centers for controlling lower air space:berlin,munich,langen and bremen.-area control centers for controlling upper space:berlin,karlsruhe,munich and masstricht.-what do they do?.·ATC(Air traffic control)for air space and airports.·ALS(Aeronautical Information Service).Acceptance of flight plans,publish air navigation charts,etc.·COnstruct and mantain air traffic control devices.·Training of air traffic control staff.
Legal framework.
international regulation,worldwide scope.-
Multilateral I.·Paris Air Navigation Convention(1919).Each state has absolute sovereignity over its own air space.·Warsau COnvention(1929).Entitlement to contract for carrying contracts,liability,specifics of carriage by multiiple carriers,etc.·Chicago Convention(1944).Foundation of modern international civil operations,amongst other rights and responsibilities of contracting states.Constitution of ICAO,developing 18 annexes to this Convention,which have largely been incorporated into national law by the member states.-
Multilateral II.·Montrealer Convention(1999).Throurough reform of ageing Warsaw convention based system,52 states have signed.The guiding principle is the consumer rights.Airlines liabilities significantly increased in case of personal injuries,damaged or lost cargo and luggage as well delays.An adaption clause in the convention provides for regular update of indemnisation in case of liability every five years.
Eight Freedoms of the Air.-1st.The air carrier is granted the right to overfly the territory of a contracting state.-2nd.The air carrier is granted the right of non-commercial,technical stops.Passengers,cargo and mail must not be disembarked nor taken on board.-3rd.Right to carry passengers,cargo and mail from airlines home state to a contracting state.-4th.Right to carry passengers,cargo and mail from a contracting state to the airlines home state.-5th.Right to carry passengers,cargo and mail between two contracting states.The flight must be originate or terminate in the home country.-6th.Right to pick up passengers,cargo and mail in a contracting state,and carry them onwards to another contracting state after stopping over in the home country.-7th.Right to carry passengers,cargo and mail between two contracting states,without touching down in airlines home state.-8th.Right to carry passengers,cargo and mail between two points within a contracting state.
International regulation,european scope.-Common objectives:deregulation and harmonization of the legal framework in traffic of air,creation of a liberalized aviation market and a single european air space,and characterized by a multitude of nets and provisions.
Schengen Convention.-Elimination of border controls between contracting states.-Airports need to physically separate passengers flows on Intra-Schengen-flights to non.
t2.airline business models.
business models and network strategy.
Hub carrier/Network carrier.·Network:connecting flights via central hubairport.·USP:connections.·Fleet:short to medium haul aircraft and long haul aircraft possibly.·Target customers:business and leisure travellers.
Point-to-point.-
Regional carrier.·Network:direct flights.·USP:routes.·Fleet:regional aircraft.·Target customers:business travellers.-
Low cost carrier.·Network:direct flights.·USP:low price.·Fleet:Short to medium haul aircraft and high density seating.·Targt customers:leisure travelers and possibly business travelers.-
Leisure.·Network:direct flights.·USP:origins and destinations.·Fleet:short to mediumm haul aircraft and possibly long haul aircraft.·Target customers:leisure travellers.
Feeder,porduction and platform.·Network:feeder flights from originationg airports to larger airlines hub.·USP:alliance partner.·Fleet:regional aircraft.·Target customers:business travelers and possibly leisure travelers.//The business model defines important strategic and operational issues that the airline faces.Among others,the airline business model impacts decisions and setup of the following factors:route network,fleet strategy and planning,product characteristics,flight scheduling and rostering,pricing and revenue management,marketing and sales,etc.
fleet planning.Fleet management is among the most important strategic decisions that an airline must take.The objectives are fleet composition as homogenous as possible but as diverse as necessary.
Parameters that influence the decision:·Forecast of traffic development and long-term business prospects.·Data of network strategy.·Market situation:cost of purchase,prices and discounts.·Ability of respective airline to finance the purchase.·Operating cost and financing cost of the aircrafft.·Target flee age.·Environmental aspects.·Customer appeal.
Impact and influencing factors.-Fleet planning is important because of economic life of transport category aircraft,significance of investment and strong interdependence with airlines product and business model.-
