algebra 2
11.1.2
What are tissues made of?
Groups of cells.
What are organs made of?
Tissues.
In the human body, what are systems made of?
A group of organs.
Which type of tissue produces movement?
Muscle tissue.
Which type of tissue coats surfaces?
Epithelial tissue.
Which type of tissue carries messages?
Nervous tissue.
What is the function of a motor neuron?
Controls muscles.
What do sensory neurons do?
Detect feel and smell.
What is the name for all the neurons in the central nervous system?
Interneurons.
Which is a part of a neuron that receives messages?
Dendrite.
Which is a part of a neuron that sends out messages?
Axon.
Which is the space that separates two neurons?
Synapse.
If a person’s brain cannot correctly receive signals from the eyes which part of the brain is most likely not working?
Midbrain.
If a person is having a problem with balance, what part of the brain would most likely be the cause!?
Cerebellum.
If a person’s heart rate is not being controlled correctly by the brain, which part of the brain is working incorrectly?
Brain stem.
When you touch something hot, a neuron in your finger senses the temperature. Which best describes the first reaction the neuron has?
lons flow into the neuron.
When you touch something hot, a neuron in your finger senses the
temperature. Which best describes the first reaction the neuron has?
An action potential forms.
When you touch something hot, a neuron in your finger senses the temperature. Which happens first?
An action potential moves along the neuron.
What is the best example of how the nervous system maintains homeostasis?
It regulates. breathing and heartbeats.
What is the best example of how the nervous system maintains homeostasis?
The parasympathetic system counteracts the
sympathetic system.
What two nervous systems balance each other to provide homeostasis?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic.
Why would a lack of neurotransmitters cause a problem in the nervous system?
Neurotransmitters are how signals move from neuron to neuron.
Certain mental problems are thought to be caused by not having enough neurotransmitters. Why would a lack of neurotransmitters cause problems?
Why would a lack of neurotransmitters change the function of the brain?
Signals travel from neuron to neuron through neurotransmitters.
11.1.4
What is the term for the tiny air sacs in the lungs?
Alveoli.
What is the name of the tiny blood vessels that surround the alveoli?
Capillaries.
What are alveoli?
Air sacs used during respiration.
What does the pulmonary vein do?
Brings blood from the lungs to the heart.
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Brings blood from the heart to the lungs.
What does the pulmonary vein do?
Carries oxygen-rich blood from the
lung to the heart.
What part of the blood carries oxygen?
Hemoglobin.
What part of the blood closes a wound?
Platelet.
What part of a red blood cell gives it the red color?
Hemoglobin.
Where does oxygen move from the respiratory system to the circulatory system?
In the alveoli.
How does oxygen move from the respiratory system to the circulatory system?
By diffusion across la capillary wall.
Where does carbon dioxide move from the circulatory system to the respiratory system?
In the alveoli.
How would increasing the amount of water in blood affect blood pressure?
Blood pressure Iwould increase.
How would decreasing the amount of water in blood affect blood pressure?
Blood pressure would decrease.
How would relaxing the smooth muscles in arteries affect blood pressure?
Blood pressure would decrease.
What is the function of the valves in veins in the legs?
They prevent blood from moving down toward the feel.
Why do arteries have more smooth muscle than veins?
Arteries experience higher blood pressure.
How do skeletal muscles contribute to blood flow?
Skeletal muscles force blood in veins to return to the heart.
Blood has traveled from the heart to the fingers. Which describes the next step of the circulation process?
The blood returns to the heart through veins.
Blood has traveled from the heart to the toes. Which describes the next step of the circulation process?
The blood travels back to the heart in a vein.
Blood has traveled from the heart to the toes. Which describes the next step of the circulation process?
The blood goes back to the heart to get oxygen.
What is the difference between white and red blood cells?
Red blood cells carry oxygen; white blood cells attack viruses.
What is the difference between white and red blood cells?
Red blood cell carry oxygen; white blood cells fight
disease
What is the difference between white and red blood cells?
Red blood cells coagulate wounds; white
blood cells defend against bacteria.
11.1.6
Which bone is identified in the picture below?
Humerus.
Which bone is identified in the picture below?
Tibia.
Which bone is identified in the picture below?
Ulna.
Which is an axial bone?
Vertebra.
Which is an axial bone?
Cranium.
Which is an appendicular bone?
Tarsal.
Which muscle is highlighted below?
Biceps brachii.
Which muscle is highlighted below?
Obliques.
Which muscle is highlighted below?
Trapezius.
What is the process of cartilage turning into hard adult bones?
Ossification.
Which is a type of cell that makes new bone tissue?
Osteoblast.
Problems with which part of the bone would lead to the greatest loss of strength?
Compact tissue.
Problems with which part of the bone would lead to blood disorders?
Bone marrow.
What is the next step in muscle contraction after calcium ions bind to actin?
Actin changes shape.
What is the next step in muscle contraction after the actin changes shape?
Myosin binds to actin.
Which step allows actin and myosin to release from each other?
An ATP molecule attaches to myosin.
Which is a type of muscle tissue that is most often controlled by conscious thought?
Skeletal muscle.
Which is a type of muscle that powers the cardiovascular system?
Cardiac muscle.
What type of muscle aids in the digestion of food?
Smooth muscle.
A scientist finds a foramina on a bone sample. What can the scientist conclude?
This bone had nerves running through it.
A scientist finds a foramina on a bone sample. What can the scientist conclude?
This bone was located near the brain.
A scientist finds fossae on a bone sample. What can the scientist conclude?
This bone was near blood vessels or organs.
11.2.2
After the esophagus, which comes next in the alimentary canal?
Stomach.
After the stomach, which comes next in the alimentary canal?
Small intestine.
After the small intestine, which comes next in the alimentary canal?
Large Intestine.
What happens in the small intestine?
Water and nutrients are asor.
What happens in the stomach?
Large proteins are broken into smaller proteins.
What happens in the large intestine?
Water from food is absorbed by the body.
Which enzymes break down proteins?
Proteases.
Which enzymes break down carbohydrates?
Amylases.
Which enzymes break down lipids?
Lipases.
What is the role of the pancreas?
It produces digestive enzymes.
What is the role of the liver?
It produces bile.
What is the role of the kidney?
It maintains the amount of water in the bodv.
Which best describes food when it reaches the small intestine?
It has been broken I down into small proteins.
best describes food when it reaches the stomach?
The I polysaccharides have been broken down.
Which best describes food when it reaches the large intestine?
Most of the Inurenis nave leen removed.
What problem would a person most likely have if her kidney did not work correctly?
What problems would a person most likely have if his pancreas was not working correctly?
Digestive problems.
Which would be evidence that a person’s pancreas is not working correctlv?
The person does not have enough digestive enzymes.
After passing through a nephron, where do the waste products in blood go?
Into the urinary bladder.
After the nephron removes waste products, where do they go?
Into the ureter.
After filtering by the nephron, where does the cleaned blood go?
Renal vein.
A doctor examines the solid waste of a patient. Which would most likely be evidence that the person is not digesting food correctly?
The presence of simple sugars in the feces.
Where should a doctor look to see if the large intestine is working properly?
Feces.
Which would cause the body to release more water through the excretory system?
Losing salt through the skin.
11.2.4
Which cells make antibodies?
B cells.
What are T cells and B cells?
Lymphocytes.
What is a B cell?
A lymphocyte that mares anuoodles.
What is the term for the molecule on the surface of a virus that is recognized by the immune system?
Antigen.
What do B cells make when they recognize antigens?
Antibodies.
What structures allow T cells to locate and destroy invaders?
Antibodies.
Which type of cell makes pus when it dies?
Neutrophils.
Which is the most common type of white blood cell?
Neutrophils.
Which are the first cells to arrive at a bacterial infection?
Neutrophils.
What is produced by the lymph system?
White blood cells.
What is produced in a lymph node?
White blood cells.
What does the lymph system do?
Produces white blood cells.
Which would be the first thing in the body to attack bacteria?
Lysozymes.
What is the first defense the body has against a virus?
Mucus.
Which best describes how a vaccine works?
The vaccine makes the body create memory cells.
Which best describes how a vaccine works?
It creates a small infection to help the body fight later infections.
Which best describes how a vaccine works?
It makes the body create memory cells for future infections.
Why do people have swollen lymph nodes when they are sick?
More white blood cells are being produced.
Why do doctors check for swollen lymph nodes?
Lymph nodes are the site of white blood cell production.
Why are swollen lymph nodes a sign of infection?
Infections cause increased lymphocyte production.
Which is part of the nonspecific immune response?
Inflammation.
Which is part of the nonspecific immune response?
Fever.
Which is a specific immune response?
Making antibodies.
Which makes bacterial infections difficult to defeat?
Macrophages work slowly.
11.2.6
What is a hormone?
A chemical sent from a gland.
What is adrenaline?
A hormone.
What do endocrine glands release?
Hormones.
Which gland stimulates the immune system?
Thymus.
Which gland controls formation of male body features?
Testes.
Which gland controls blood glucose levels?
Pancreas.
The neuroendocrine system consists of which of the following?
Nerve impulses and hormones.
The neuroendocrine system combines the actions of which of the following?
Neurons and glands.
Which of the following pairs work together to form the neuroendocrine system?
Neurotransmitters and hormones.
What are steroid hormones most similar to?
Cholesterol.
Where dos the endocrine system release hormones into?
The bloodstream.
What are hormones made from colesterol called?
Steroid hormones.
Which is an endocrine function?
The pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream.
Which is an endocrine function?
Adrenal glands release adrenaline into the blood.
Which is an endocrine function?
The pineal gland releases melatonin into the bloodstream.
How are the nervous system and the endocrine system different?
The nervous system can affect only nearby cells.
How are the nervous system and the endocrine system different?
The endocrine system can send over longer distances.
How are the nervous system and the endocrine system different?
The endocrine system affects cells with certain receptors.
How do the nervous system and endocrine system work together?
Nerves instruct glands to send out hormones.
How do the nervous system and endocrine system work together?
Nerves send messages to glands.
How do the nervous system and endocrine system work together?
Nerves tell glands when to release chemicals.
Which of the following is an example of a feedback loop in the body?
The thyroid gland reverses the action of the parathyroid gland.
Which of the following is an example of a feedback loop in the body?
The presence of too much adrenaline makes the body stop producing adrenaline.
Which of the following is an example of a feedback loop in the body?
One gland causes calcium ions to be
released; another gland causes them to be
absorbed.
11.3.2
What is ovulation?
When an egg enters the fallopian tube.
Where are the eggs stored?
Ovary.
Where does a fertilized egg attach?
Uterus.
Which part of the female reproductive system is highlighted below?
Ovary.
Which part of the female reproductive system is highlighted below?
Fallopian tube.
Which part of the female reproductive system is highlighted below?
Cervix.
Where do sperm go after leaving the epididymis?
Vas deferens.
Where do sperm go after leaving the vas deferens?
Ejaculatory duct.
Where do sperm go after leaving the ejaculatory duct?
Urethra.
Which are gametes?
Sperm and eggs.
Which is a gamete?
Sperm.
Which is a gamete?
Egg.
Which hormone is used by both males and females?
Luteinizing hormone.
Which hormone is only used by females?
Estrogen.
Which hormone is only used by males?
Testosterone.
What is the purpose of the part of the male reproductive system that is highlighted below?
Stores sperm cells until they mature.
What is the purpose of the part of the male reproductive system that is highlighted below?
Mixes sperm and semen.
What is the purpose of the part of the male reproductive system that is highlighted below?
Transfers sperm cells to the urethra.
How dos the body control puberty?
The endocrine system produces hormones.
When males reach a certain age, the body begins the process of puberty. How does the body control this process?
Hormones are released by the endocrine system.
What happens to cause a female to begin puberty?
Hormones are released by the endocrine system.
Which correctly describes a difference between the male : reproductive systems?
Females produce gametes less often.
Which correctly describes a difference between the male and female reproductive systems?
Females produce fewer gametes.
Which correctly describes a difference between the male and female reproductive systems?
Males produce more gametes.