Analysis of Characters in “The Tree of Science” and “Bohemian Lights”
The Tree of Science
Main Characters
Andrés Hurtado
The undisputed protagonist of the novel, present throughout all 53 chapters. Andrés develops intellectually through diverse knowledge, with his library containing medical and biological treatises, novels, and historical accounts like “A History of the French Revolution.” During his student years, he prioritizes understanding his patients’ ideas and feelings over their physical symptoms. Initially appearing with Republican ideals, his true political leanings remain ambiguous. He disregards social class, despising both the rich and the poor for their respective flaws. Andrés believes in inherent differences between people and displays an aristocratic disdain for vulgarity. As a man of action, he finds himself frustrated by the ignorant, cowardly, and resigned masses who seem incapable of challenging life’s injustices. This, combined with his rebellious and critical spirit, leads him down a path of pessimism. Cold and detached in matters of love, Andrés finds his sole passion in unraveling the logic and mysteries of existence. Lacking metaphysical answers and disillusioned by human behavior, he ultimately succumbs to existential angst and commits suicide. Baroja focuses primarily on Andrés’ psychological depth, providing little detail about his physical appearance.
Julio Aracil
Andrés’ friend and confidant, described as a Semitic type. Julio is realistic, materialistic, and pragmatic. His intelligence and lack of scruples allow him to thrive and live comfortably. Physically, he is characterized by his dark complexion and bulging eyes.
Montaner
Blond with blue eyes, representing the Iberian rather than the Semitic type. A monarchist and supporter of the bourgeoisie and aristocracy, Montaner initially clashes ideologically with Andrés. However, they eventually develop a degree of complicity, engaging in discussions about politics, literature, and music. Andrés appreciates Montaner’s intellectual engagement.
Other Notable Characters
Fermín Ibarra
Suffering from arthritis, Fermín is a character shrouded in mystery. He eventually recovers and surprises everyone with his talent as an inventor. Unable to find Spanish investors for his projects, he travels to Belgium to patent his inventions.
Rafael Sanudo
An engineering student and a Wagnerian.
Antonio Lamela
An older student who befriends Andrés due to their shared inner life, distinct from other students. A romantic and quixotic figure, Lamela’s idealism distorts his perception of reality, leading him to see beauty in his unattractive beloved. He embraces both revelry and drunkenness, embodying what he calls practical idealism. His motto is to give the body what is the body’s and the soul what is the soul’s.
Letamendi
Andrés’ professor who publishes a book applying mathematics to biology. Initially, Andrés follows his theories but eventually recognizes their lack of scientific rigor.
Lulu
Lacking grace but possessing a sharp, sarcastic wit. Intelligent, neurotic, and pessimistic, Lulu exhibits unconventional behavior from a young age. Her bravery and intelligence set her apart from other women, attracting Andrés’ interest. However, already married, she ultimately succumbs to the conventional desire for motherhood.
Doña Leonarda and Nini
Lulu’s mother and sister, respectively. They struggle to accept their impoverished reality, clinging to the hope of a financially advantageous marriage for Nini to escape their misery.
Villasuso
A poet and playwright whose romantic and bohemian lifestyle proves unfulfilling. Andrés’ passive approach to life prevents him from supporting Villasuso, who ultimately descends into madness and dies in poverty.
Iturrioz
Less a character and more a literary device representing an opposing intellect for Andrés to engage with in philosophical and scientific debates. Following Andrés’ death, Iturrioz provides a lucid interpretation of the protagonist’s suicide, closing the novel.
Bohemian Lights
Main Characters
Max Estrella
The protagonist of the play, a blind, hyperbolic Andalusian poet, humorist, and madman. Known as Mala Estrella in literary circles, Max embodies the archetype of the last bohemian. His character is believed to be inspired by Alejandro Sawa, a Spanish bohemian writer and journalist who befriended Valle-Inclán. Max, like Sawa, lived in Paris, met Victor Hugo, and died blind and impoverished in Madrid. Valle-Inclán presents him as a classic hero, yet despite his talent and intelligence, Max faces constant rejection. This fuels his strong sense of failure. His sarcastic irony and critical perspective on Spain’s ills reflect his sensitivity to injustice and oppression. However, Max is also a contradictory figure, embodying characteristics of an antihero. Despite his sensitivity, he neglects his family and spends money on a dinner hosted by the minister.
Latino de Hispalis
Max’s self-proclaimed guide dog, though his loyalty is questionable from the outset. In Zarathustra’s bookstore, Latino conspires with the bookseller to cheat Max out of some coins. After Max’s death, he keeps the money instead of giving it to Madame Collet and Claudinita, who tragically commit suicide in poverty. Latino is a cynical character, fluent in Madrid slang, and a master of irony.
Madame Collet and Claudinita
Max’s wife and daughter, respectively. They are conventional women, full of tenderness and concern for Max. Madame Collet, identified as Jeanne Poirier, Sawa’s wife, is a woman of great kindness. Claudinita is somewhat brazen and critical of Hispanic customs. It remains unclear whether their suicide is driven by poverty or the unbearable grief of losing Max.
Other Notable Characters
Zarathustra
A somewhat deceitful bookseller who colludes with Latino to swindle Max.
Don Gay
A customer in Zarathustra’s bookstore, somewhat pedantic and conscious of foreign cultures. He readily complains about Spain’s problems but takes no action to address them.
A Felon and The Caretaker’s Daughter
Chorus-like characters who briefly appear in the bookstore without significantly impacting the plot. They represent various social types.
Pica Lagartos
The owner of the tavern frequented by Max and Latino. He trusts them and participates in their conversations. A republican in death but a staunch defender of private property, especially his own.
A Tavern Bouncer
Pica Lagartos’ assistant, enthusiastic about everything, particularly politics, but more talk than action.
La Pisa Bien
A prostitute favored by the King of Portugal, who also sells lottery tickets and flowers. She is also known as La Marquesa del Tango.
The King of Portugal
La Pisa Bien’s pimp, who also encourages her to participate in pro-proletariat demonstrations. He appears to manage other prostitutes as well.
A Drunk
Occasionally interjects in conversations at Pica Lagartos’ tavern.