Aristotle’s Virtues: Dianoetic, Ethics, and Prudence

Posted on Nov 30, 2024 in Philosophy and ethics

Aristotle’s Virtue Theory

In Book VI of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explores virtues, defining them as habits developed through learning and practice. These virtues guide us towards happiness, our ultimate goal.

Types of Virtues

Aristotle classifies virtues into two types:

  • Dianoetic (Intellectual) Virtues: Related to reason and knowledge.
    • Theoretical Knowledge: Science, wisdom, intelligence.
    • Technical Knowledge: Art, rational production.
    • Practical Knowledge: Prudence, guiding action and behavior.
  • Ethical (Moral) Virtues: Related to will and action, controlling vices through moderation.

Prudence: The Key Virtue

Prudence, a dianoetic virtue, enables rational decisions about what is good. It is essential for ethical virtues, allowing us to avoid extremes and act moderately. Aristotle considered prudence vital for administrators and politicians, linking ethics and politics.

Prudence and Moderation

Prudence ensures moderation, safeguarding us from vices. Unlike other virtues, prudence is never forgotten, always guiding us towards correct decisions.

Aristotle’s Life and Philosophical Project

Born in Stagira in the 4th century BC, Aristotle’s early life was shaped by his father, a physician to the Macedonian royal family.

Aristotle’s Journey

  • At 17, he joined Plato’s Academy, studying and teaching rhetoric.
  • Due to Athenian anti-Macedonian sentiment, he left Athens, conducting scientific studies.
  • He tutored Alexander the Great.
  • Returning to Athens, he founded the Lyceum, teaching for 13 years.
  • Accused of impiety, he died in exile.

Aristotle’s Philosophy

Aristotle’s philosophy was scientifically oriented, aiming to refine Plato’s theory of Ideas through:

  • Observation: Developing a robust methodology.
  • Critique of the Theory of Ideas: Rejecting the separate existence of essences.