Basic Concepts of Chemistry
n.
Principal.Capa.Valores. 1-inf.
l. Secundario.Orbital.Valores.0 – (n-1)
M
Magnetico.Orientacion orbital.Valores
-L .. 0 .. L
s.
Spin.Giro electron.Valores + – 1 / 2
Ex:
s.0. P.1.D.2.F.3
C.Electronica
S.2.P.6.D.10.F.14
N ° Atomico
Protons in a atomo.Z.Electrrones
No. Masica
Sum of neutrons and Prot
Dalton elements formed by part. Are indivisible atoms
atoms of an element = mass prop.
CPTs are formed by the union of simple atoms in relation num
R.Quimica atoms in dif agupran form nor create or destr.
1. Other + peq: prot, electrone.Neutrones 2 º.
No same mass, but isotopes = item dist. Ms atomica.
4 º
Recc, chemistry reac.Nucle well but if you create and destroy
Boyle
pv = PV Gaylusac.
v / t = V / T.
Comb
pv / t = PV / T.
Clasius
PV = nRT
TCM
Gases consist of particles moving molec.Se Yamadas. Cont.Y so random
clashing. Each other and against the wall. Recp.La T gs of the manif. This ls mov.La energ.Cin.Media of Molec.
is proposed. The absolute T gas.
P. Coalitions
Depend on the No disolucion.P solute in the vapor: P that the VAPRO jrce cnd. Alcz equlb. With the k liq
ProCD …
Raoult
p = po – p = po Xs. Moles Xs = i / total moles
t = Kc. Mt = Ke.Mm = gr / pm / / kgdisolvent.
Pi = P osmtica
MRT
M.
gr / pm / / L. Solution.
N
M. Valencia. M. Gr / pm / / Kg solvent
Xs
Moles solute / / M. Solut + M. Dissolve.
Xd
M. Solvent / / M.Soluto + M. Disolve
Ionic
Izq with derecha.Nacl.
Prop:
Forman redes.Elevados ptos.Ebulli.Dilatan facil.Coducen elec. When dissolved
Enlaces.Duros.Fragiles.Solo Muchisimos dissolve liqu.Polares
Covalent
Homo. 2 derechaBr2.O2. Hetero.Derecha with H or 2 other than derecha.HCL.
Prop:
Homo.Gases
T ambiente.Heter. Liquid T ambient.Forman moleculas.Bajos pts boiling and fusi.Bajos coef. Dilatac.
PHidrogeno
H atom and a very electrongeativo. HF.H2o.NH3
Prop.Metales:
T fusi and high boiling but very variable. Conduc elect. And heat. High. Flexibl.Ductiles.Maleables.
Very dense but variable
Isomeria
2 or more subst. Dif. Molecular formula = molecular.ESTRUCTURAL.Esqueleto have positions. Among them
isomers.
Cadena
Position carbons.
Position
situacon functional group.
Function
funcinal different group.
Esteroisomeria
Compounds with the same structure have different spatial distribution of atoms ls.
Geometrica
Alkenes.
Optica
Luz.Dextrogiras.Derecha.Levogiras.Izquierda produce vibration plane rotation.
Enantiomer
When 2
molecules are mirror images of each other and can not overlap, they are called enantiomers or iso.Optic.
Each plane deviation of light in one direction. Equimolar mixture of them: racemic (without actv. Optica)
Thomson.R.Catodicos
Always the same, any gas and mat catodo.Compuestos
by particles with mass (no radiation). Deflected by electric fields and magnetco
in the direction expected for charged particles negativa.Rayos cathode compuests
Materials uploaded to electricamentes. Electrons
Radioactivity
Spontaneous emission of particles or radiation x part of a substance.
Alfa
Mat. Pesados.Positiva, high power but low penetr.Son ionization of helium nuclei
beta.Mat ligeros.Negativo.Penetr. Mayor.Ionizacnte menor.Electrones very energetic
Gamma
Particulas.Radiac + are not known, lead sheets through 2 or 3 cm
M. Atomico.
Thomson
Positiva.Incrustados Sphere electrons.
Rutherford
electro spectrum. Luz.Conjunto frequency electromagnetic wave radiation.
H. Planck
Or can not absorb any amount of energy emitted, but a multiple
small packets or quanta of value. E = h. F
Bohr
1. Electr. Turning in its orbit does not emit or absorb energy.
2. each orbit has an e.
charact. In which it holds. Mvr = h / 2pi
3. The energy released by an e. When moving from one
increased to a smaller orbits the emitted as electromagnetic radiation. NU frequency.
is met. E1 – Eo = h. NU.
H. De Broglie
An atomic orbital is a region of
space where there is a high probability of finding the P e.
Uncertainty
It iNpOsIbLe
determine both total accuracy and value their position and velocity (parti. Subatomic)
P.Excl.Pauli. There can be 2e with 4 n º s quantum equal. P. Aufbau. The conf. Elect.
of an element is obtained from the former and adding a new (and differentiation)
R. Atomico
Half distance between two cores = 2 atoms in a molecule subs. Covalent
But e. Increased strength atomico.Mayores radio repulsivas.Aumenta down and left
PI
Energia a at. Electron.Aumenta to yield to the right and upward
Afi.Electr
Energia libera atom when it captures IP but e.Varia = energy released
Electr.Negat
Capac. Atom attract e. Covalente.Varia = shared IP link
V. Ionica
E. No. He wins or loses in order to achieve stability
V. Cov
Four areas (s.Px.Py.Pz) are filled. Is the number of e. Unpaired.
Met
Earn e.
No metal
Lose elec.
Ox
Earn e.
Gearbox
Lose e.
V.Atomico
Atomo.Aumenta volume of top layer abajo.Aumentan