Basketball: Rules, Techniques, and Tactics
Collective Classification of Sports
Space Invasion Sports
Court Sports are divided based on the size of the space:
- DXT Big Field
- DXT Small Field
They are also categorized by the way the game is played:
- With the body
- With an implement (stick, bat)
And depending on the body part used to play:
- With hands and arms
- With feet and entire body
Basketball
History
Basketball was invented in 1891 by Professor James Naismith of Springfield College. Due to low winter temperatures, he devised a game that could be played indoors. The game was initially called “basketball” because the first game involved throwing a ball into two peach baskets.
Basketball became part of the Olympic Games in Amsterdam (1928), Berlin (1936), Montreal (1976), and Barcelona (1992).
Rules of the Game
The Playing Space
The playing field measures 28 meters long and 15 meters wide.
The Ball
It is made of rubber or synthetic material. Dimensions vary depending on the category and sex of the athlete.
The Basket
It consists of a ring hanging from a backboard at a height of 3.05 meters. The ring size is 0.45 meters in diameter. The backboard measures 1.80 by 1.20 meters.
Scoring
- A free throw after a foul counts as one point.
- A shot made within the 6.25-meter line is worth two points.
- A shot made outside the 6.25-meter line is worth three points.
How to Play
- The ball is played with the hand. It is forbidden to hit it with a fist or foot.
- Each team has five players on the court.
Relationship with Opponents
- Personal fouls: If a player fouls a shooter, two free throws are awarded. If the foul occurs when the player is not shooting, the team is awarded possession of the ball.
Infractions
- Traveling: A player cannot move more than two steps with the ball in hand without dribbling.
- Double dribble: A player cannot dribble the ball, stop, and then dribble again.
- Backcourt violation: If a team passes the ball over the mid-court line and then the ball goes back into their own backcourt.
- 24-second rule: A team cannot possess the ball for more than 24 seconds without attempting a shot.
- 5-second rule: A player cannot hold the ball for more than 5 seconds without dribbling, passing, or shooting.
- 8-second rule: A team must advance the ball out of their backcourt within 8 seconds.
- 3-second rule: An offensive player cannot remain in the free throw lane (the area near the basket) for more than 3 seconds without the ball or while their team has possession of the ball.
Techniques
Dribbling
- To move with the ball without it being stolen, keep the ball low and use your body to shield it from the defender.
Types of Dribbling
- Forward dribble: Push the ball diagonally forward with your hand, keeping it between your waist and chest. You can change direction while dribbling.
- Crossover dribble: Change the hand you are dribbling with by bouncing the ball in front of you.
- Between the legs dribble: Change direction and the hand you are dribbling with by bouncing the ball between your legs.
- Behind the back dribble: Similar to the between the legs dribble, but the ball is bounced behind your back.
Passing
- Passing is used to send the ball to another player on your team.
Types of Passing
- Chest pass: Performed by pushing the ball from your chest forward with both hands.
- Baseball pass: Throw the ball with one hand, similar to a baseball throw.
- Bounce pass: Pass the ball to a teammate by bouncing it off the floor.
Shooting
- Shooting involves throwing the ball towards the basket. Keep your eyes on the basket, extend your shooting arm, and release the ball with your fingertips. Use your non-shooting hand to guide the ball.
Fakes
- Fakes are used to deceive the opponent by starting one movement and then quickly changing to another.
Types of Fakes
- Shot fake: Pretend to shoot the ball and then drive to the basket.
- Drive fake: Start to drive in one direction and then quickly change direction.
- Pass fake: Pretend to pass the ball and then shoot or drive.
Rebounding
- Rebounding is the act of gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot. Position yourself near the basket, jump, and grab the ball.
Tactics
Player Positions
- Point guard: The team’s leader and playmaker. They must be quick, have good ball-handling skills, and be intelligent.
- Shooting guard: Plays alongside the point guard and is typically a good shooter.
- Small forward and power forward: Play on the wings and are often good shooters and drivers to the basket.
- Center: The tallest player on the team, typically positioned near the basket.
Defensive Tactics
- Help defense: Defending a teammate who has been beaten by their opponent.
Offensive Tactics
- Give-and-go: Passing to a teammate and then cutting towards the basket to receive a return pass.
- Screen: Blocking a defender to create space for a teammate.