Biological Evolution and Cultural Diversity: A Deep Dive
Evolution as an Explanatory Framework
The word evolution does not explain the origin of species but, according to Charles Darwin, changes from a small living being. Two shades and adaptive biological material:
- Evolution
- Astrophysics
- Psychology
- Artificial intelligence
Life, periodontal, inorganic material, organic matter.
Biological Evolution
No one addressed evolution. Species have become extinct and survived at random. Not anyone who directs the human being is dominant. People should behave as they are, so they will be happy.
Darwin
Evolution of species – They saw that natural resources were diminishing and the inhabitants were growing / struggle for existence:
- Intraspecific: Same species.
- Interspecific: Between different species.
Natural selection: A species adapted, others dislocated from existence.
Synthetic Theory of Evolution
Also called Neo-Darwinism, it explains the theory very consistently without gaps. Its theses are:
- Organisms can experience changes in their genes. Mutations occur randomly and are not looking for something.
- Mutations are advantageous and others unfavorable, and nature works selectively, overriding individuals with unfavorable genes to survive.
- Mutations are relatively frequent.
- Advantageous mutations are perpetuated through inheritance since only the best-adapted individuals survive and pass those variations to their descendants.
Different Varieties of Cultural Diversity
Monotheism (one god), polytheism (many gods), animism (plants, animals are believed to have souls), atheism (no god), agnosticism (do not know if there is a god or not).
Dispute leads to cultural differences.
Attitudes:
Ethnocentrism
My culture is the best.
- Discrimination against other cultures.
- Culture + love like my own country.
Cultural Relativism
Culture must be respected, not criticized, not evaluated.
- Does not prevent moral evil, e.g., a pig killed at the door.
- Accepts cultural differences.
Critical Plurality
Many cultures can live together, e.g., a block of flats.
Eurocentrism in the case of European families: In my family, I think of my friends.
- Wants to promote all cultures.
- Wants peace, getting along, given human rights.
Definition of Culture
Every human being needs to be born in a social group, to be accompanied. We need others to look after us, generation after generation of caregivers. This is one of the characteristics of Homo sapiens and that it was a social creature that learns this custom, i.e., in a social group, in a culture. They take care of us and feed us.
Culture: Ethnos = people.
Culture is not innate = acquired. It is not in our birth. Genes know nothing of nations, England, France. Culture is a learning process.
Contents of Culture
- Scientific: Knowledge of the natural environment, medicine, energy, field.
- Religious Background: Superstition.
- Art: Part of the culture, e.g., architecture.
- Moral: Many people look badly on putting an elderly person in a nursing home.
- Law: What is in each country, e.g., in England, breakfast is at 12.
Complex whole: Culture has a consistency, that is, there is a composition, there is harmony, there is a relationship between all, it is a composite unit.
Cultural Diversity
Arabic music is not the same in Spain. It is good that cultures share clothes, new and beneficial food. Good is preserved and is named a World Heritage Site.
Development Factor
- Economy: Tourism industry, more labor, more money.
- People: Intellectual, e.g., imagine the special pyramids. I then taught other people, such as cooking, etc.
- Affective: Contact with other cultures, e.g., I adopt a child, you educate them in the third world, and with a piece of paper and a pencil, they are happy.
- Moral: Other cultures cannot impose values.
- Spiritual Existence: You are sick, you go on vacation, and you get better.
Cultural Diversity: Access to All
Reference to the media. All cultures have access to the media, to TV, to radio. There is pluralism, the chains with the political problem of television, and each chain is in favor of a political party.