Biology Questions and Answers: Chapters 1-3

Posted on Feb 19, 2025 in Chemistry

Chapter 1

  1. Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy as it increases in complexity?
    D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
  2. Which of the following statements about genetics is true?
    B) Each organism has its own unique DNA code.
  3. Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains
    A) Bacteria and Archaea.
  4. Which of the following statements about the domain Bacteria is true?
    D) All bacteria lack a nucleus.
  5. Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya?
    C) Fungi
  6. All organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae
    E) are photosynthetic and contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls with cellulose.
  7. Members of the kingdom Fungi
    D) include the mushrooms and yeasts, and decompose the remains of dead organisms and absorb nutrients from the leftovers.
  8. A hypothesis is
    B) a tentative answer to some question.
  9. A theory is
    E) an explanation of an idea that is broad in scope with multiple lines of evidence.
  10. To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
    E) testable and falsifiable.

Chapter 2

  1. The four most common elements in living organisms are
    C) C, H, O, N.
  2. Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?
    C) zinc
  3. Which of the following trace elements is commonly added to table salt to prevent the formation of goiters?
    A) iodine
  4. Which of the following statements best describes a compound?
    C) A compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.
  5. Which of the following particles is found in the nucleus of an atom?
    A) protons and neutrons
  6. Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom?
    A) the number of protons in the atom
  7. A radioactive isotope is an isotope that
    B) decays.
  8. If you found a fossilized dinosaur bone, what method could be used to determine the age of the fossil?
    C) isotope analysis
  9. Radioactive isotopes
    B) can be used in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose diseases.
  10. Which particles increase by one as we move from left to right in the elements on the periodic table?
    D) electrons and protons
  11. Table salt is formed when
    E) sodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine
  12. A hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form?
    A) one covalent bond
  13. What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
    B) In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner accepts electrons from the other.
  14. In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a(n) ________ bond.
    E) polar covalent
  15. The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by ________ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by ________ bonds.
    C) polar covalent . . . hydrogen
  16. Water molecules stick to other water molecules because
    D) the hydrogen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another.
  17. Which of the following statements about water is false?
    B) The hydrogen bonds in ice are less stable than the hydrogen bonds in liquid water.
  18. A solution with a pH of 7 is
    C) neutral.
  19. A buffer
    D) donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic.

Chapter 3

  1. Which of the following is a carboxyl group?
    D) COOH
  2. Which of the following is an amino group?
    B) NH2
  3. Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?
    A) amino acids
  4. What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?
    D) to speed up chemical reactions
  5. A disaccharide forms when
    A) two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.
  6. Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?
    C) cellulose, starch, and glycogen
  7. Fatty acids are
    C) hydrophobic.
  8. Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be
    A) unsaturated.
  9. A phospholipid is composed of
    E) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
  10. Which of the following substances is a lipid?
    D) steroids
  11. A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is
    C) phospholipids.
  12. Proteins cannot be denatured by
    E) freezing.
  13. The primary structure of a protein is
    B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.