Building and Eroding Trust: Types, Behaviors, and Negotiation
Understanding Trust: Building, Eroding, and Negotiation Dynamics
Types of Trust
- Deterrence-based Trust: Trust based on fear of consequences if violated.
- Knowledge-based Trust: Trust founded on knowing the other party well enough to predict their behavior.
- Identification-based Trust: The highest form of trust, where parties understand and appreciate each other’s wants and intentions.
Trust-Building Behaviors
- Predictability/Consistency: Acting reliably and consistently over time.
- Relaxed/Open Body Language: Non-verbal cues indicating comfort and openness.
- Active Listening: Fully concentrating on, understanding, responding to, and remembering what is being said.
- Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
- Reciprocity: Exchanging things with others for mutual benefit.
- Collaborating: Working jointly with others towards a common goal.
Trust-Eroding Behaviors
- Inconsistent Behaviors: Actions that are unpredictable or contradictory.
- Silence: Lack of communication or response.
- Psychological Pressure/Threats: Using intimidation or coercion tactics.
- Listening to Respond vs. Understand: Focusing on formulating a reply rather than comprehending the speaker’s message.
- Focus on Self vs. Others: Prioritizing one’s interests over those of others.
- Tense Posture: Body language indicating stress or discomfort.
- Limited Eye Contact: Avoiding or minimizing eye contact during interactions.
- Inappropriate Affect: Emotional responses that don’t match the situation.
Hurley’s “Decision to Trust” Factors
Decision-Maker Factors:
- Risk Tolerance: The degree of uncertainty an individual is willing to accept.
- Level of Adjustment: How well an individual adapts to new situations or environments.
- Relative Power: The perceived balance of power between parties.
Situational Factors:
- Security: The feeling of safety or protection in a given situation.
- Number of Similarities: The degree to which parties share common traits or experiences.
- Alignment of Interests: The extent to which goals and objectives are shared between parties.
- Benevolent Concern: Genuine care for the well-being of others.
- Capability: The ability to perform or achieve certain actions or outcomes.
- Predictability and Integrity: Consistency in behavior and adherence to moral principles.
- Level of Communication: The quality and quantity of information exchange.
Kramer’s “Rethinking Trust” Concepts
- Natural Human Tendencies Concerning Trust: Innate inclinations in how people approach trust.
- Benefits of Trusting Others: Positive outcomes that result from placing trust in others.
- Potential Drawbacks of Misplaced Trust: Negative consequences that can occur when trust is given inappropriately.
- Actions/Practices for Trusting More Wisely: Strategies to develop more discerning trust decisions.
Malhotra’s “Six Ways to Build Trust in Negotiations”
- Speak Their Language: Communicate in a way that resonates with the other party.
- Manage Your Reputation: Cultivate and maintain a positive image.
- Make Dependence a Factor: Create situations where parties rely on each other.
- Make Unilateral Concessions: Offer compromises without expecting immediate reciprocation.
- Explain Your Demands: Provide clear rationales for your requests or positions.
- Maximize Joint Gains: Seek outcomes that benefit all parties involved.
Negotiation Dynamics
- Power in Negotiation: The ability to influence the outcome of a negotiation.
- Sources of Power: Various factors that contribute to one’s influence in a negotiation.
- Reservation Point: The least favorable point at which one will accept a negotiated agreement.
- BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement): The most advantageous alternative course of action a party can take if negotiations fail.
- Target or Aspiration Points: The ideal outcome a negotiator aims for.
- Opening Offer: The initial proposal made in a negotiation.
Last edited 11 minutes ago