Catalonia’s Socioeconomic Transformations: A Historical Analysis
Obstacles to Socioeconomic Change
Obstacles: Population growth, necessary changes in agricultural production (fertilizers and desamortization), technological revolution (CAT), raw materials, protectionism, the risk taken by the CAT bourgeoisie, and social demand.
New Social Organization
The nobility lost importance, while the bourgeoisie rose. Cities were a habitat, but not definitive, and were prepared for flow changes, such as the hipodàmic. There were owners and non-owners.
Owners
- Nobility (families with all the lands of ESP and Camarillo, agricultural and gentry)
- Bourgeoisie (All CAT, and they wanted to raise their status to look like…)
Middle Class
Same powerful interests as small landowners or businesses.
Popular Class
- Urban citizens (domestic services, craftsmen -> unions to anti-liberal, NOT WEALTH)
- Farmers (tenants and 62%, -50% Parcero – Rabassaires and laborers who were the workers)
- Proletariat (equal to jornalism, only survived 19 years of harsh living conditions.)
The Labor Movement
Laborers for the first manifestations of burning crop conditions, etc., banditry. In 1830, farmers did not pay income SUIT and lost, so the movement became radical and created class consciousness. 1830 saw the first OBRERAS Luddite manifestations, the burning of Bonaplata in 1836. DSPs saw that the problem was the distribution of profits and not machines, so they influenced industrial relations and stopped production. In 1840, the weaving SOCIETY AND ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL BCN spinner was formed, which appeared because they decided to extend the pieces… Strikes marked more progressive moments. In 1854, the 1st IMPORTANT STRIKE, selfactines strike, the government of Catalonia helped by entering machines -> COMMITTEE PERITARI. Employers were frightened by this and asked the central government for aid to recall and prohibited associations, breaking the covenants and imposing freedom, which led to the dismissal in 1855, the 1st general strike.
Utopianism and Republicanism
A CAT influence of utopianism by <<El vapor>> (1835). After the revolution administration (1868), many unions wanted the federal republic because it favored workers. However, this failed, and the proletariat differed from the policy, tending to…
Internationalism (1868-1874)
After 1857, workers’ associations were closed, but in 1868, they returned to resume action. They wanted arrangements agreed with employers but were not accepted, which resulted in the strike of the three classes of steam (large union). And for six years after London 1864, the 1st INT, Fanelli’s anarchist and socialist ideas came from Lafargue. It motivated Barcelona and Madrid in association with the AIT, and the newspaper spread bakuninisme <<La federació>> (1869), and the ideas were rooted. ESP had the TIA in 1870 and added the workers’ association of CAT. Bakuninisme reached its maximum peak in the republic when groups insurrected and wanted to seek a revolution, but restoration in 1874 by the government declared it illegal and had its decline. Mano Negra in 1883 to suppress anarchists, and 5000 radical anarchists were taken, including bakuninistes (union peaceful struggle) and anarcho-syndicalists (Kropotkin and direct action).