Cell Biology Fundamentals: Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids
1. Peptide bond links amino acids together to form proteins.
2. Triglycerides are composed of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids.
3. The primary structure of a protein is the unique sequence of amino acids.
4. DNA and RNA are types of nucleic acids.
5. Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann are known for articulating the cell theory.
6. The mitochondrion is an organelle that functions as the site of energy production in eukaryotic cells.
7. A nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
8. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis.
9. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first man to witness a live cell under a microscope.
1. DNA is composed of amino acids. False
2. The tertiary structure of a protein, as it’s the creation of a protein domain. True
3. Fatty acids are a type of protein. False
4. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus. False
5. RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. False
6. Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. True
7. The function of lysosomes is to synthesize proteins. False
8. Glycogen is a type of nucleic acid. False
9. Robert Hooke coined the term ‘cell’ after observing cork under a microscope. True
10. All cells come from other cells. True
11. The organelle Golgi body is responsible for lipid synthesis. False
12. The proteins come from meals like meat, chicken, dairy products. True
1. Which type of protein structure involves alpha-helices and beta-sheets?
a) primary b) Secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary
2. Which organelle is responsible for the movement of DNA or RNA from inside out of the cell?
a) nucleolus b) nucleole c) Nuclear pores d) nuclear envelopment
3. Which macromolecule is the second source of energy?
a) proteins b) Carbohydrates c) lipid d) nucleic acids
4. Which lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
a) triglyceride b) steroid c) Phospholipid d) wax
5. Which type of protein structure involves multiple protein domains?
a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) Quaternary
6. What is the main function of the chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?
a) Photosynthesis b) protein synthesis c) energy production d) storage of genetic
7. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
a) lysosome b) endoplasmic reticulum c) golgi apparatus d) Ribosome
8. What is the main function of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells?
a) photosynthesis b) Protein synthesis c) energy production d) storage of genetic
3. Choose the sugar and write its name:
deoxyribose
Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance in which all organelles float.
Mitochondria: Organelle that produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Golgi Bodies: Receive substances from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and direct them to their destinations.
Lysosomes: Break down large chunks of food and other materials into usable sizes.
Nucleus: The control center of the cell, managing all cellular functions.
Organelle: Any specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.
Vacuole: Storage area, primarily holding water in plant cells.
Plant Cell: Typically has a boxy shape, with a cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts.
Animal Cell: Characterized by a cell membrane as the outer layer and contains lysosomes.
Cell: The basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
DNA: The hereditary material located inside the nucleus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Acts as the cell’s transportation system.
Cell Wall: Rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane, providing shape to plant cells.
Cell Membrane: Regulates entry and exit of substances in the cell.
Ribosomes: Tiny organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Cellular Respiration: The process mitochondria use to generate energy.
Organ: A structure made of two or more types of tissues working together.
Eukaryotic Cells: Cells with membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.
Prokaryotic Cells: Cells without membrane-bound organelles, generally simpler than eukaryotic cells.
Cytoskeleton: Located in the cytoplasm, it helps maintain cell shape.
Nucleolus: Found within the nucleus, responsible for making ribosomes.
Cell Wall: Rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane, providing shape to plant cells.
Cell Membrane: Regulates entry and exit of substances in the cell.
Ribosomes: Tiny organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Cellular Respiration: The process mitochondria use to generate energy.
Organ: A structure made of two or more types of tissues working together.
Eukaryotic Cells: Cells with membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.
Prokaryotic Cells: Cells without membrane-bound organelles, generally simpler than eukaryotic cells.
Cytoskeleton: Located in the cytoplasm, it helps maintain cell shape.
Nucleolus: Found within the nucleus, responsible for making ribosomes.
