Characteristics and Values of Children’s Stories
The Story
Short stories are a distinct literary genre, especially in children’s education, that differs significantly from the novel in its length. The term “story” evolved from words like fable and example, emphasizing its role as a brief, illustrative narrative.
Ancient Genre
Stories, as a genre, have ancient roots, emphasizing numerical significance and brevity. They feature characters and places within a narrative framework, primarily to convey a moral message, distinguishing them from fables. Unlike legends, which are rooted in historical events embellished with imaginary elements, stories are fictional narratives.
Characteristics of Children’s Stories
1. Fitness with Age
A story should be appropriate for the age of the children. This appropriateness is reflected in both external characteristics (format, illustrations, font) and internal characteristics (plot).
2. Language Use
Two considerations are important regarding language: a) its referential value and b) its use as a means of expression.
a) When language is used referentially, words should have meanings that align with the child’s real-world knowledge, which is related to their age. Although media broadens a child’s understanding, the names of characters are crucial elements with referential value, and it’s important for children to grasp their meaning.
b) Stories utilize literary language and “expressive resources.”
Repetition
Repetition of words or phrases is a valuable tool in storytelling. It reinforces meaning and allows children to recognize the structure of the story. Repetition can be enhanced through onomatopoeia and the use of chorus-like structures.
Comparison
Relating one thing to another is important for children, especially given their developing language skills. Comparisons help them understand new concepts and make connections.
Figurative Language
The use of numbers in stories often has cultural significance (e.g., “three little pigs”). The third element typically stands out as the winner or the most important. The number two often represents duality (e.g., “two sides to every story”).
Diminutives
Diminutives are commonly used to convey affection and create a sense of familiarity.
Personification
Attributing human qualities to animals or objects is a common technique in fairy tales, making them more engaging and relatable for children.
3. Structure of the Argument
The plot of a story should be appropriate for the child’s age. It typically consists of three parts:
Presentation
This brief section introduces the main character, other characters, the setting (time and place).
Knot
This is the most extensive and crucial part of the story. It focuses on the main action and events. Problems and dramatic elements are introduced, driving the narrative forward.
Outcome
This is a short section, often with a happy ending. In children’s stories, the outcome frequently occurs abruptly, sometimes due to chance, resolving the conflict presented in the knot.
Values in Stories
- Stories create a relaxed and positive classroom atmosphere.
- They foster a closer relationship between students and teachers, building trust.
- They help develop and reinforce concentration habits, which are crucial for learning through listening.
- They enhance attention skills by encouraging children to focus on the plot and engage with the narrative.
- They expand vocabulary and introduce new language structures.
- They help children see reality as an interconnected whole, where different parts are related and structured.
- They connect actions with consequences, teaching children about cause and effect.
- They impart valuable ideas and beliefs, demonstrating that good behavior leads to positive outcomes.
Tips for Storytelling
- Choose stories that resonate with you and have a message to convey.
- Internalize the story before telling it, making it your own. Avoid memorizing it word for word.
- Arrange the room to create a dedicated space for storytelling. A semi-circle arrangement allows everyone to see the narrator.
- Enhance attention by encouraging physical closeness and a sense of shared space.
- Use opening and closing formulas to signal the beginning and end of the story, helping children transition into and out of the narrative world.
- Avoid using images when telling a story for the first time. Encourage children to create their own mental images based on your narration.
- Modulate your voice to bring the story to life. Avoid shouting and use gestures sparingly.
- Avoid interrupting the story once you’ve begun.