Chronicles of the Crown of Aragon: A Historical Overview
Chronicle of Bernard Desclot
This chronicle, written by Bernard Escrivá (Bernard Desclot) in the late 13th century, covers events from the reign of Alfonso II to Peter II, spanning approximately 100 years. It details the Kings of the Crown of Aragon, narrating their exploits, including the Battle of Muret and the re-conquest of territories from the Moors. Little is known about Desclot, except that he was a Catalan historian focused on Peter II. The chronicle is divided into three sections: the reigns before James I, the reign of James I, and the reign of Peter II, highlighting events like the conquest of Sicily. Desclot’s writing style varies; he recounts earlier events using songs and legends, while providing a more accurate and reverent account of Peter II’s reign.
Chronicle of James I
Also known as the Llibre dels Feits (Book of Deeds), this chronicle was written by scribes under the direction of King James I in the mid-13th century. It narrates events of the 13th century, a period marked by the re-conquest of the Balearic Islands and Valencia. The chronicle also mentions the Treaty of Corbeil, where James I ceded territories in Southern France in exchange for Catalan independence. The work is divided into four parts: the king’s lineage, the War of Urgell, a shorter section, and a detailed account leading up to the king’s death. The chronicle aims to portray James I as a heroic figure. Written in the first person (royal “we”), it offers intimate details of the king’s life. The language is direct, repetitive, and at times, historically inaccurate, prioritizing the portrayal of the king’s life over strict factual accuracy.
Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner
Written by Ramon Muntaner in the first half of the 14th century, this chronicle recounts events of the 13th and 14th centuries during the Middle Ages. This era saw the Crown of Aragon’s expansion, with the recapture of Valencia and the Balearic Islands, and the annexation of Mediterranean territories, marking the crown’s maximum extent. Born in 1265, Muntaner participated in Roger de Flor’s expedition, giving him firsthand experience of the events he chronicled. A strong advocate for the Catalan language, Muntaner’s chronicle focuses on the Catalan expedition to the East, while also covering other key events of the period. Written as a memoir, it praises the crown, sometimes at the expense of historical accuracy. The text is lively and colorful, employing storytelling techniques. While comprehensive and informative, its subjectivity should be considered.
Peter IV of Aragon
Written by Peter IV in the late 14th century, this chronicle covers the reigns of Peter III and Alfonso III. This period saw the annexation of Sardinia and Sicily, but also increasing instability within the Crown. Peter IV, initially the second son of Alfonso III, became heir after his elder brother’s death. The chronicle details the return of Mallorca and conflicts with nobles in Aragon and Valencia. Written as a memoir and autobiography, it aims to guide future monarchs. Unlike other chronicles, it lacks legends and songs, offering a dry and monotonous narration of facts, except for some personal details about the king. It employs an epic tone and uses the majestic plural.
the majestic plural.