Citation Standards: A Comprehensive Look at NBR 6023:2002

Posted on Jan 25, 2025 in Other university degrees and diplomas

NBR 6023:2002 – Information and Documentation

References and Abbreviations

Quote: NBR 6023:2002 – Information and documentation – References – Developing NBR 10522:1988 – Abbreviation for bibliographic description Procedure

Quote: Mention of information extracted from another source.

Apud (Cited by) quote: Quote directly or indirectly from a text to which one does not have access to the original.

Direct quote: Transcript of part of the textual work of the author consulted.

Indirect quote: Text based on the work of the author consulted.

Reference notes: Indicate consulted sources or refer to other parts of the work where the subject was addressed.

Footnotes: Indications, comments, or additions to the text made by the author, translator, or editor. They may also appear on the left or right margin of the layout.

Explanatory notes: Used for comments, clarifications, or explanations that cannot be included in the text.

Location of Citations

Quotations may appear:

  • a) In the text
  • b) In footnotes

General Rules of Presentation

In citations, when called by the surname of the author, by the responsible institution, or by the title included in the sentence, they must be in uppercase and lowercase letters. When in brackets, they should be capitalized. Examples:

  • The irony would be just an implicit form of heterogeneity shown, according to the classification proposed by Authier-Reiriz (1982).
  • “Despite appearances, the deconstruction of logocentrism is not a psychoanalysis of philosophy […]” (Derrida, 1967, p. 293).

Citation Systems

Quotations should be indicated in the text by a citation system: numerical or author-date. Examples:

  • In Open Theater (1963), the emergence of the theater of the absurd is discussed.
  • According to Mitchell (1955, p. 32), “[…] the presence of bauxite concretions in Cricon, Rio de Janeiro is stated.”

Numbering System

The source indication is made by a single and consecutive numbering in Arabic numerals, referring to the list of references at the end of the work, chapter, or part, in the same order they appear in the text. The numbering system should not be used when there are footnotes. It can be put in parentheses, aligned to the text, or situated just above the line of text as an exponent after the closing punctuation of the quotation. Examples:

  • Rui Barbosa said: “Everything is alive, foreseeing.” (15)
  • Rui Barbosa said: “Everything is alive, foreseeing.”15

Author-Date System

The source indication is made by:

a) The name of each author or the name of each entity in charge up to the first punctuation mark, followed by the date of publication of the document and the page of the citation in the case of a direct quotation, separated by a comma and in brackets. Example:

  • In the text: The so-called “pandectism was the particular way in which Roman law was integrated in the 19th century in Germany in particular.” (Lopes, 2000, p. 225).

b) The first word of the title followed by ellipses, in the case of works without an indication of authorship or responsibility, then the date of publication of the document and the page(s) of service in the case of a direct quotation, separated by commas and in brackets. Example:

  • In the text: “The ISS will implement democratic, legitimate, and transparent mechanisms for the systematic evaluation of its activities, taking into account its institutional goals and commitments to society.” (ANTEPROJETO…, 1987, p. 55).

c) If the title begins with an article (definite or indefinite), or a monosyllable, it should be included in the source indication. Example:

  • In the text: And they say “globalization,” and it was so absurdly called the order in which money is the only country to which it serves and the borders are thin, not by fraternity, but by the bleeding that powerful people without nationality promote. (A FLOR…, 1995, p. 4).

Footnotes

You must use the author-date system for citations in the text and numerical footnotes. Footnotes should be aligned from the second line of the same note, below the first letter of the first word in order to highlight the exponent, without a space between them, and with a smaller font. Example: See as an example of such an approach the study of Netzer (1976).

Reference Notes

The numbering of reference notes is made by Arabic numerals and should be numbered consecutively, one for each chapter or section. Do not start numbering on each page.

Explanatory Notes

The numbering of explanatory notes is made in Arabic numerals and must be numbered consecutively, one for each chapter or section. Do not start numbering on each page.