Classification of Sports and Ball Techniques
Classification of Sports
Sports can be classified based on the interaction between athletes:
- Sports without Cooperation or Opposition: The athlete participates alone, aiming to surpass personal bests or records set by others, rather than direct competition. Examples include athletics races and skiing.
- Sports with Opposition without Cooperation: The athlete competes directly against a single opponent. Examples include wrestling and tennis.
- Sports with Cooperation without Opposition: A group of athletes works together towards a common goal without direct confrontation with opponents. Examples include synchronized swimming and cycling races.
- Sports with Cooperation and Opposition: A team (where players cooperate to achieve a common objective) directly faces another team. Examples include volleyball, basketball, and football/soccer.
Ball Movement Techniques
How can you move the ball in different sports?
- Basketball: You cannot move while holding the ball without dribbling. Dribbling can be:
- High or Advance Dribble: Allows you to move the ball across the court.
- Low or Protection Dribble: Used to protect the ball from a defender.
- Change of Hand: Passing the ball from one hand to another, which can be done in several ways.
- Handball: You can hold the ball for a maximum of three steps. To advance, you must dribble. Therefore, the dribble is typically high.
- Volleyball: You cannot move while holding the ball. You must pass it to teammates or over the net.
- Football/Soccer: You must use different types of touches with your feet to control the ball while running.
Passing Techniques
How can you pass the ball to a teammate?
- Basketball:
- Chest Pass: The most common pass in basketball. Done with two hands, starting from the belly, rising to the chest, and sending it to a teammate.
- Bounce Pass with One Hand: Used to get around a defender. The ball is passed with an extended arm and a flick of the wrist.
- Overhead Pass: Done with two hands from above the head.
- Baseball Pass: Used for long-distance passes, executed with one hand.
- Handball:
- Frontal Pass: Bringing the ball back over your head and projecting your arm in the direction of the pass, finishing with a wrist movement.
- Hip Pass: The arm is at hip height, and the arm is positioned parallel to the ground.
- Pronation Pass: Turning the wrist outward while extending the arm, holding the ball with two hands.
- Left Pass: The ball is held as if on a tray, and a small upward momentum is given with the fingers.
- Volleyball:
- Set (Finger Pass): Placing the ball for a teammate to spike or to pass it to the other side of the court. Requires bent knees, hands in front forming a triangle, and palms facing up. A leg extension is performed, hitting the ball with the fingers.
- Bump (Forearm Pass): Used to receive a serve or pass from the opposing team. Requires bent knees, outstretched arms with hands clasped together. Legs are extended towards the ball, hitting it with the forearms without bending the elbows.
- Football/Soccer:
- Inside of the Foot Pass: The most accurate pass. The supporting foot is placed near the ball, momentum is generated, and the ball is struck with the front and inside of the foot.
- Outside of the Foot Pass: The foot is turned inward during the preparation. The ball is then struck with the front and outside of the foot.
- Heel Pass: A pass used to surprise the opponent.