Common Diseases by Body System
Male Reproductive System
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis, accompanied by a reddening of the scrotum. Symptoms include local pain in the spermatic cord, heat on the swollen part, abdominal pain, fever, discharge from the penis, and difficulty urinating.
Prostate Cancer
The presence of symptoms is indicative of an advanced stage. Symptoms include:
- Dysuria
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Urine retention
- Leakage
- Hematuria
Urinary System
- Renal Angiomyolipoma
- Renal Cancer
Gastrointestinal System
Normally, the lining of the stomach is protected against the irritating acids produced. If this protective lining stops functioning properly, it can become eroded, causing inflammation. Most ulcers occur in the first layer of lining (gastric mucosa).
Causes:
- Gastritis
- Infection of the stomach by bacteria called Helicobacter pylori
Risk Factors:
- Alcohol
- Regular use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Smoking
- Radiation treatments
Symptoms:
- Serious bleeding
- Abdominal pain (occasional)
- Bloating
- Hunger or emptiness in the stomach
- Black, bloody, or sticky stools
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
- Vomiting
- Weight loss
Female Reproductive System
Vaginitis is defined as the inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, typically accompanied by an increase in vaginal discharge. The inflammation is mainly caused by altering the balance of normal vaginal flora, whose function is to regulate the vaginal pH and thus the presence of bacteria and other microorganisms in the vaginal epithelium.
General Symptoms and Signs:
These infections usually appear asymptomatic, but most women with vaginitis have:
- Irritation and/or itching in the genital area.
- Inflammation (irritation, redness caused by the presence of immune cells) of the labia majora, labia minora, or perineal area.
- Penetrating vaginal odor.
- Discomfort or burning when urinating.
- Pain/irritation during intercourse.
- Vaginal burning
- Leukorrhea (increased vaginal discharge, which may be purulent)
- Urinary frequency (urinating little and often, a process similar to cystitis)
Types:
- Trichomonas
- Candidiasis
- Bacterial Vaginosis
- Viral Vaginitis
Treatment: The treatment is usually straightforward. In many cases, it can be made with ovules or topical tablets (to be inserted directly into the vagina). In some cases, treatment with oral drugs is necessary. Only in the case of Trichomonas vaginitis is treatment indicated for the patient’s sexual partner.
Central Nervous System
Cerebral Edema
Can be defined as an abnormal increase in water content of the central nervous system tissue.
- Vasogenic
- Cytotoxic
- Interstitial
Alzheimer’s Disease
It is characterized by atrophy of the cerebral cortex, usually diffuse. No one knows what causes the disease, but there is evidence of a genetic predisposition.
Early Stage:
- Repeating statements.
- Misplacing things.
- Difficulty remembering names of objects.
- Getting lost on familiar routes.
- Personality changes.
- Losing interest in things previously enjoyed.
Advanced Stage:
- Forgetting details about current events.
- Forgetting events in your life, losing awareness of who you are.
- Problems choosing clothes.
- Hallucinations, arguments, striking, and violent behavior.
- Delirium, depression, and agitation.
- Not recognizing family members.