Communication and Language Disorders

Posted on Feb 23, 2025 in Modern Philology. English

Malicious Communication Strategies

The following are strategies intended to undermine the image of another person. These strategies include:

  1. Direct Communication Rejection: The person does not practice direct communication. Instead, they impose an image of greatness and wisdom. The victim is denied the right to be heard. Whoever rejects dialogue implies that the other person is not of interest or does not exist.
  2. Distorting Language: When talking to their victim, the malicious person takes on a cold, dull, monotone voice, which triggers fear and unsettles the other person. The malicious communication is expressed without emotional tone, and their words convey derision and contempt.
  3. Using Sarcasm, Mockery, and Contempt: Contempt and ridicule dominate the relationship with the outside world. Contempt affects the partner, what they hate, what they think, and what they do, but it also affects their circle of relationships. To destabilize another person, it is enough to:
    • a) Make fun of their beliefs, political ideas, or tastes.
    • b) Stop speaking to them and ridicule them in public.
    • c) Offend them and not let them express themselves.
    • d) Banter about their weak points.
    • e) Question their judgment and decision-making abilities.
  4. Lying: The malicious person uses a set of hints and silences to create a misunderstanding that they can then exploit for their own benefit, using incomplete and paradoxical messages.
  5. Using Paradox: Malicious aggression attempts to confuse the other person, making them doubt their thoughts and affections. Paradoxical discourse is not easy to identify and leaves the other person perplexed.
  6. Disparaging: Disqualification is depriving someone of all their qualities. It’s a repertoire of saying that someone is worthless until they believe it.
  7. Divide and Conquer: The supreme pleasure of the malicious person is to achieve the destruction of an individual by another, witnessing the fight. The weaker of the two will strengthen the malicious person’s sense of omnipotence.
  8. Imposing Authority: The speech establishes a totalitarian operation, based on fear, and seeks passive obedience. It makes critical thinking impossible, denying and annihilating any difference.

Language Disorders

Language disorders consist of poor development or a decline in understanding and using spoken or written symbols. They affect morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Although these alterations are very varied and complex, we can classify them according to their etiology:

Nervous System Disorders

  1. Aphasia: The inability to use language because of a localized brain lesion in one cerebral hemisphere. Aphasia may also occur with impaired reading and writing. There are two types:
    • Motor Aphasia: Implies the inability to speak, although language understanding is preserved.
    • Sensory Aphasia: The inability to understand the meaning of words or the use of objects.
  2. Alexia: The patient can read but does not understand because the words lack meaning.
  3. Dysarthria: Difficulty of speech due to disturbances of tone and movement of the muscles that control articulation.

Functional Impairment

  1. Dyslexia: Characterized by the confusion of one consonant with another, and inversions of syllables and words, so that the individual is unable to recognize words and their meaning.
  2. Dysphasia: Etymologically, it means to speak badly or with difficulty and involves the erroneous articulation of phonemes, syllables, or words.
  3. Stuttering (Stammering): Impaired fluency and rhythm of speech, blocking speech at its onset or repeating syllables at the beginning of a word. Expression in situations of anxiety worsens the condition.

Autism

Autism is a disorder with impaired cognitive, behavioral, social, and communicative characteristics. Autistic language features include silence, lack of vocabulary, lack of coordination between gestures and speech, and echolalia.

Social Isolation

Some children have the misfortune of growing up in extreme conditions of social and emotional isolation, which causes a delay in language development. The more severe the lack, the earlier the delay.