Communication & Writing Essentials

Posted on Nov 23, 2024 in Language

Communication

Communication involves building relationships and exchanging views. We constantly send and receive messages.

Types of Communication

  • Interpersonal
  • Intrapersonal
  • Written
  • Mass

Advertising

Advertising informs the public about products or services through media to encourage consumer action.

One of the oldest advertising theories (1895) is the AIDA model:

  • Attention
  • Interest
  • Desire
  • Action

Newspapers

Newspapers contain daily advertising to inform, entertain, and promote.

Main Sections

  • News of the Day: National and international news.
  • Regional Information: Important events in different regions.
  • Arts, Culture & Education: Commentary on literature, music, visual arts, and events.
  • Sports: News and commentary on sporting events.
  • Events: Information on crime.

Hemerographic Records

Hemerographic cards record data from newspapers or magazines.

Data recorded:

  1. Newspaper or Magazine Title (underlined)
  2. Years in Circulation
  3. Publication Number
  4. City and Country of Publication
  5. Date (Day, Month, Year)

Bibliographic Records

Bibliographic records contain information identifying a book or written document.

Information included:

  1. Author(s) Name(s)
  2. Title of Work (underlined)
  3. Publisher
  4. Number of Pages

Biographical Records

Biographical records summarize the life of an author.

Information included:

  1. Year and Place of Birth and Death, Nationality
  2. Education and Profession
  3. Major Works
  4. Topics Studied and Theories Developed
  5. Scientific Importance

Underlining

Underlining identifies and organizes important information for study.

Verb Tenses

Tenses are sets of verb forms expressing action in the same time, manner, and point.

Tenses are divided into:

  • Simple Tenses (e.g., jumping)
  • Compound Tenses (e.g., I have jumped)

Sentences

In speech or text, a sentence expresses a complete idea, composed of a subject and predicate.

Punctuation

Punctuation clarifies meaning and structure.

  • Point and Followed: Separates statements within a paragraph.
  • Full Stop: Separates paragraphs.
  • Endpoint: Concludes a text.
  • Comma (,): Indicates a brief pause.
  • Colon (:): Introduces a list or explanation.
  • Semicolon (;): Joins related sentences.
  • Quotation Marks (“”): Indicate citations or highlight words.
  • Parentheses (): [] {}: Enclose additional information.
  • Question Mark (?): Denotes a question.
  • Exclamation Point (!): Expresses strong emotion.
  • Ellipses (…): Indicate omission or trailing thought.
  • Dash (-): Introduces a subsection or dialogue.