Comparative Political Systems: A Global Perspective

Chapter 9: The Political System of the Netherlands

1. Historical and Political Analysis

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

2. Political Institutions

2.1 Parliament

5, 6

2.2 Government

6, 7, 8, 9

2.3 The Judiciary and Other State Institutions

9

2.4 Territorial Organization

10

3. Political Culture

10, 11, 12

4. Political Parties

12, 13

5. Pressure Groups

13, 14, 15

6. The Party System

15, 16

7. Electoral System and Elections

16

Chapter 10: The Political System of Denmark

1. Introduction

17

2. Historical-Political Developments

17

3. Constitutional and Political Organization

17

4. The Legislature

18

5. The Executive

5.1 The Head of State

18

5.2 The Government

18

6. Territorial Organization

19

7. Judicial System

19

8. The Representative System

8.1 The Electoral System

19, 20

8.2 Institutions of Direct Democracy

20

9. Political Parties and Pressure Groups

20, 21

10. Electoral Behavior

21

Chapter 11: The Russian Political System

1. Historical-Political Context

1.1 The Specifics of Russian Political Culture

22

1.2 The Soviet Legacy

22, 23

2. Elements of the Political System

2.1 The Constitutional Process

23, 24, 25, 26

2.2 The Main Political Institutions

26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32

2.3 The Territorial Division of Power

32, 33

3. Political Actors: Parties and Pressure Groups

3.1 The Political Parties

33, 34

3.2 Lobbyists

34, 35, 36

4. Electoral System and Political Behavior

4.1 The Electoral Rules

36, 37

4.2 Political and Electoral Behavior

37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43

Chapter 12: The Political System of the European Union

1. Formation of the European Union

44, 45, 46

2. Politico-Institutional Organization

2.1 The European Commission

46, 47

2.2 The European Council

47, 48

2.3 The Council of Ministers

48

2.4 The European Parliament

48, 49, 50, 51, 52

2.5 The Court of Justice

52, 53

Chapter 13: The US Political System

1. Introduction

54, 55

2. Historical-Political Analysis

2.1 First Foundation: Continental Congress

55, 56

2.2 The Constitution of 1787

56, 57

2.3 National Consciousness & Abolition of Slavery

58

2.4 Civil Rights, Vietnam, and Watergate

58

2.5 From “New Deal” to Conservative Revolution

58, 59

2.6 Projection in the International System

59

3. The Presidency

3.1 Organization

60, 61

3.2 Informal Resources

61, 62

4. Congress

62, 63, 64

4.1 Organization

64, 65

5. The Judicial System

5.1 Federal Structure

65, 66

6. Political Parties

66, 67, 68

7. Pressure Groups

68, 69

8. Elections

69, 70

8.1 Voter Turnout

70, 71

Chapter 14: The Canadian Political System

1. Introduction

72

2. Historical and Political Analysis

2.1 British and French Colonial Empires

72, 73

2.2 Proximity to the United States

73

2.3 Cultural and Political Links with Britain

73

3. The Canadian Constitution

73, 74

4. Political Institutions

4.1 The Monarchy & Governor General

74

4.2 Parliament

74, 75

4.3 The Government

76

4.4 The Judiciary

76, 77

5. Territorial Organization

77, 78

6. Political Actors

6.1 Political Parties and Party System

78, 79, 80

6.2 Lobbies

80, 81

7. Elections and the Electoral System

7.1 Voting System

81

7.2 Political Participation

81

8. Political Culture

81, 82

Chapter 15: The Political System of Japan

1. Historical Background

83, 84

2. The Constitution

84

3. Institutions

3.1 The Emperor

84, 85

3.2 The Diet

85

3.3 Government and Public Administration

85, 86

3.4 The Judiciary

86, 87

4. Political Dynamics and Processes

4.1 Political Culture

87

4.2 Political Actors

87, 88, 89, 90

4.3 The Electoral System

90, 91

5. Intergovernmental Relations

91, 92

6. Conclusion

92

Chapter 16: The Political System of Morocco

1. Introduction

93

2. History

2.1 Persistence of Traditional Power Structures

93

2.2 Monarchy vs. Political Forces

93, 94

3. The Constitutional Monarchy

94

4. Constitutional and Political System

4.1 Evolution of the Constitution

95

4.2 The 1996 Constitutional Reform

95, 96

5. Territorial Organization

5.1 Regionalization Law

97

5.2 Regionalization Policy

97

6. Parliament and the Legislature

97, 98

7. Government and Administration

98

8. The Judiciary

98

9. The Power Elite & Relations Between State Powers

98

10. Political Participation

10.1 Political Parties

98, 99

10.2 Trade Unions and Political Life

99

10.3 Electoral Processes in the 1990s

99, 100

10.4 Monarch-Party Relations

100

11. Supranational Links

100

Chapter 17: The Turkish Political System

1. Ottoman Empire to Republic

101, 102

2. Key Actors: Army and Governing Elite

102, 103

3. Origins of the System: Kemalism

103

4. Constitutional Bodies

4.1 Legislative Power

104

4.2 Executive Power

104, 105

4.3 The Judiciary

105

4.4 The Constitutional Court

105

5. Turkish Society, Parties, and Electoral System

105, 106

6. Present and Future: Turkey in Europe

106