Comprehensive Guide to Climate, Intrusion, and Safety Sensors
Climate and Environmental Sensors
Climate sensors are used in air conditioning systems to gather external data. This information is sent to the central system to optimize performance. They should be installed away from direct heat sources and not in enclosures.
Temperature Probes
Internal temperature probes are installed to measure the temperature of the flooring. One probe is placed at the beginning of the circuit and another at the end to determine losses. External temperature probes are similar, allowing free heat input determination. They should be installed off direct heat sources and not in enclosures.
Ion Detection
Ion detection is used to detect the start of a combustion process. Combustion, often invisible to the eye, rises to the ceiling due to heat.
Water Detection
Water detection sensors are installed in direct contact with the ground, typically in areas prone to leaks like toilets and kitchens. These low-voltage sensors, when activated by a water leak, send a signal to a solenoid valve to interrupt the water supply and trigger an acoustic alarm.
Gas Detection
Gas detection operates on the same principle as water detection, adhering to regulatory specifications. Manual reset is typically required.
Optical Detection
Optical detection identifies visible particles from a fuel combustion process. It works by detecting light reflected through combustion gases, based on light scattering. It is commonly used in computer rooms and warehouses, but not in kitchens.
Termodiferencial and Termovelocimetric Detectors
Termodiferencial and termovelocimetric detectors are used in areas with rapid fire evolution. They detect temperature increases over a specified time. They are used where optical, flame, or smoke detectors are not suitable.
Flame Detection
Flame detectors identify ultraviolet light emitted by flames. They are used in areas with flammable liquids. TMB detectors are used in high-roof areas where smoke detectors are not feasible.
Twilight Detection
Twilight detectors sense the presence or absence of light, controlling main lighting systems. There are two types: photoresistors (LDR), whose resistance changes with light, and photovoltaic (PV) sensors, based on semiconductor elements that generate current depending on light exposure.
Intrusion Detection Sensors
Presence Detection with Infrared
Infrared presence detectors are electronic devices that provide an electrical signal when they detect motion or a heat source. They are used for lighting and intrusion systems. They are sensitive to passive infrared heat radiation, detected by an optical lens. There are two types: those with a limited protection area and those with a range up to 50 meters. They should not be installed in areas with direct heat sources or overlapping fields.
Ultrasound Detection
Ultrasound detection is used for anti-intrusion volume systems, especially when infrared is not suitable. It uses the Doppler effect, comparing emitted and received signals. Two detectors should not be aligned due to overlapping fields.
Microwave Detection
Microwave detection is used to cover large open areas. It is susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Microwave detectors should not be aligned due to overlapping fields.
Seismic Detection
Seismic detection identifies changes in mass caused by broken glass. These mechanical oscillations are transmitted as seismic waves, which are converted into electrical signals to activate the alarm. This type of detector can distinguish between vibrations and other phenomena acting on the glass.
Magnetic Intrusion (Contact)
Magnetic intrusion detectors are used to detect the opening of doors and windows. They consist of a magnetic switch and a magnet, forming a closed circuit. When the circuit opens, the alarm is triggered. They are used for security and also in air conditioning systems to prevent energy waste when a window is open.
Seismic Detection
Seismic detection is used for high-security systems.