Compressed Air Distribution: Pipes, Actuators, and Valves
Pipes
Pipes are conducts in a compressed air distribution network. Steel or brass pipes should have a slight inclination of 1.5 degrees to provide a slide for steam condensate water and to prevent accumulation at any point. Portable equipment may use plastic or rubber pipes.
Actuators
Actuators store energy by transforming compressed air into mechanical energy. This can be either a straight or swinging motion in cylinders. A constant circular section cylinder tube is closed at either end, inside which slides a piston shaft through a solidary fund. The cylinder piston divides two chambers, called volumes. Cold air enters and leaves through openings.
Cylinder Effect Simply
E (N crumb strength)
Cylinder Effect Double
- Forward race
- Backward race
- Effective Force
Benefits
- We can work to develop two-way.
- No loss of compression spring effort to return.
- Precision-adjusted operating system.
- Race, cylinder length corresponds
Pneumatic Applications
Transfer, pressing, stop, eject, assembly, marking, shaping, pivoting.
Elements of Valves or Distribution Valves
A pneumatic device directs and regulates compressed air passage. Distributors interrupt valves, divert compressed air, or allow it to pass. To correctly represent valves symbolically as per ISO, consider:
- Type: Two numbers express the valve. The first number indicates holes or air channels available, and the second number indicates air movement positions.
- Sense: Indicated by arrows inserted inside each box.
- Connections: Holes are indicated differently depending on whether they are compressed air source or output modes.
- Command and return: Rendered respectively from left to right and symbolized in different ways depending on type.
Valve 2/2
Two holes or air channels and 2 control positions or work. Valve 2/2 NT type with manually operated sliding back and tire. Operation: Initial post-rest or position 1 blocked air hole. Push valve stem prevents step-air, manually connecting holes 1 and 2. Air pressure can move through the valve stem. When pressure ceases, air enters, the return command forces, and the promoted stem valve is closed.
Valve 3/2
Three holes for air routes and two control positions or work. Valve 3/2 NT. Operation: Initial post-rest or position 1 blocked air hole, while holes 2 and 3 are provided by exhaust or discharge air. Press-hole manually, input shaft 1 is connected to 2, and air pressure passes through the valve. Orifice exit 3 is blocked. When pressure on the stem ceases, it goes up to the initial position due to spring force. Again, it blocks air entry pressure and allows exit through orifice 3.
Valve 5/2
Five holes and two air paths work or control positions. Operation: Starting position – holes 1 and 2 press, and compressed air passes through them to drive. Holes 4 and 5 are constantly communicated, and another actuator allows air to escape outside. Hole 3 is blocked. Zoom-seedling stem communicates through holes 1 and 4, and the second actuator air pressure goes up. Communication between orifices 2 and 3 allows the air that had penetrated to the first actuator to escape. Hole 5 is blocked. Once you click on the stop-lever, the spring returns the stem to its position.
Auxiliary Elements
Valves: Air ducts allow movement in a certain direction and prevent it in the opposite direction. A closing spring piece unit is used. In the resting position, air conduction is blocked. When air seeks passage and is allowed to circulate, the spring pressure overcomes resistance during driving. They are classified according to diameter and maximum flow allowed.
Selector circuit valves or double effect: They have three air holes, and a small input piston P will move, blocking hole 3. Air then exits through orifice 2. However, if air penetrates hole 3, the piston displacement produces the opposite effect, blocking hole 1. Air exits through hole 2 instead. They are installed in a T-shape to select the power source for circuit branches.
HAWE: Disposed in a spiral, the flow increases or decreases through the duct section, allowing regulation of the air flow that circulates. They are installed at the exit of cylinder chambers. They regulate the speed of piston displacement during forward movement. Technically, they are often defined by the spiral flow and maximum admission.