Computer Science Fundamentals and Grammar

Posted on Feb 2, 2025 in Electronics

Computer Science Fundamentals

Video Frames

  1. What are the three individual frames in a video called? (Write also the full words for each frame!)
  • Keyframe (Intra-coded frame)
  • Intra frame (Intra-coded frame)
  • Predicted frame (Predicted frame)

Network and Transport Layers

  1. Into what units is data subdivided by the network layer and by the transport layer?
  • Network layer: Packets
  • Transport layer: Segments

Checksum

  1. What is the name for mathematical calculations based on the contents of data?
  • Checksum

Audio Formats

  1. What is the difference between an MP3 file and a WAV file?
  • MP3: Compressed audio format with loss of quality (lossy).
  • WAV: Uncompressed audio format, higher quality (lossless).

Network Topologies

  1. Name three basic physical topologies!
  • Star
  • Ring
  • Bus

Computer Science Definitions

  1. Calculated value that is stored with data to detect any errors that may occur when the data is copied or transmitted.
  • Checksum
  1. To set the boundaries of a message or part of a message by marking its beginning and its end with special control bits.
  • Framing
  1. A formula used for decompressing components of a data stream.
  • Codec
  1. The main transmission paths that connect different LANs together; it also handles major data traffic.
  • Backbone
  1. Opposed to client-server, what is the type of LAN where two computers have the same capabilities as opposed to where one computer acts as a server containing the main hard disk and controlling the other nodes on the network?
  • Peer-to-peer (P2P)
  • Client-server

Opposites

  1. Continuous: Discrete
  2. Complete: Incomplete
  3. Audible: Inaudible

English Grammar: Reported Speech

  1. ‘The ice will soon be hard enough to skate on,’ said Tom.
  • Tom said that the ice would soon be hard enough to skate on.
  1. ‘I’ll look for my skates when I get home,’ Ann said.
  • Ann said that she would look for her skates when she got home.
  1. I asked Albert’s mother, ‘Could I speak to Albert, please?’
  • I asked Albert’s mother if I could speak to Albert.
  1. ‘He’s still asleep,’ said his mother.
  • His mother said that he was still asleep.
  1. ‘Would you tell him to call me back because I have news for him,’ I said.
  • I asked if she could tell him to call me back because I had news for him.
  1. ‘I bought a new car last week,’ says Peter, ‘but it’s not yet insured so I can’t take you for a drive.’
  • Peter said that he had bought a new car the previous week but that it was not yet insured, so he couldn’t take me for a drive.
  1. ‘I don’t understand why you want to lend him any money,’ I said to Ann. ‘He never pays his debts.’
  • I told Ann that I didn’t understand why she wanted to lend him any money because he never paid his debts.
  1. ‘Do go to a dentist, Tom, before your toothache gets any worse,’ I said.
  • I advised Tom to go to a dentist before his toothache got any worse.
  1. ‘Are there any letters for me?’ asked Mary.
  • Mary asked if there were any letters for her.
  1. ‘Read it for yourself if you don’t believe what I say,’ he told me.
  • He told me to read it for myself if I didn’t believe what he said.
  1. ‘Don’t forget to thank Mrs. Jones,’ said his mother.
  • His mother reminded him not to forget to thank Mrs. Jones.