Construction Equipment and Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide

Posted on Aug 4, 2024 in Technology

Soil Compaction

  • Settlement: Lower soil vertical movement of the weight of filler product
  • Subsidence: The vertical motion of the landfill due to its own weight or pressure of static compaction

Types of Compaction

  • Static or Smooth Roller Compaction: By kneading
  • Roller Emphasize Compaction: By impact
  • Vibrating Compaction: Rammer, plate or vibratory plate compactor roller
  • Roller Vibratory Tampers: Joint: Your name is because it has a smooth side and one cohesive soils tires (test proctor)
  • Granular Soils: (relative density test)

Mortar and Concrete Transport In Work

  • Derrick cranes
  • Capacho
  • Canoas
  • Trucks
  • Truck Mixer: Volumetric capacity of 7m ³ Drum manufactured from sheet steel of 4.75 mm sheet steel SAE 1045 water tank of 800 liters, or 1 ¼ Flow manual drum tilt of 13 °, helical mixing paddle of 4.75 mm, support rollers Dual 170 mm
  • Projected Concrete Pumps: Vary according to size

Lifting and Transport

  • Vibro Compaction Vibratory Truss Pavement
  • Cranes: One of the main machines we use to large construction

Types of Cranes

  • Auto Crane: Its cargo capacity varies according to size and going from 8 to 100 tons
  • Crane: Motada on rails or wheels on each foot, electric motor driven by a high
  • Bridge Crane: Structure formed by one or more power metal beams from 5 to 12 tons and a span of 10 meters
  • Luffing Crane Trasteiner: Structure-based steel frames mounted on tires with 4, 8 or 16 wheels or on rails has its own power generator
  • Tower Crane or Derricks: Lifting able to distribute loads through a hook suspended from a carriage moves along the entire plume

Composition:

  • Head with detachable arms
  • Baseco Steel Tower

Example: 6×7 +1 AT

  • 6 cords

  • 7 wires by cords

  • 1 core textile

  • Stationary or Fixed: This type of crane as the name implies is fully fixed at its base does not have any means of travel.

  • Movable Crane: Unlike stationary cranes, that if it has at its base elements that enable the movement on rails or other means.

  • Pulldown Auto Crane: A crane that is mounted on itself allowing its folding and subsequent displacement.

  • Crane Fork: Has a counterweight at the back that lets you load up to 10 tons can operate on gasoline or Electric

  • Forklifts: Can reach speeds of up to 25 m / min

  • The Winches: Perform the functions of the old cranes with greater precision lifting evolving architectural structures vertical

  • Conveyor Worm: Indicated for transporting any type of material such as sand, mud and even concrete

  • The Bucket Elevator: Is a bucket that can take different forms and dimensions, built in steel or aluminum and plastic materials in modern compaction

Classification of Compacting Machines

  • For Static Pressure:

    • Tampers
    • Smooth Roll classic
    • Compactors highlight reels with pneumatic wheels

  • On the Impact:

    • Freefall Rammers
    • Plates
    • Explosion

  • By Vibration:

    • Vibrating plate
    • Vibrating Name: Rammer vibrating compactor

Truck Mixer

The mixer truck is a truck equipped with a mixer. Because of this provision, it is possible to transport ready-mixed concrete while proceeds to kneading. It is the safest method and used to transport concrete over long distances and is less vulnerable in case of a delay in Rock Excavation

Compressors

These are devices used to implement an increase in gas pressure. (Compressed Air)

Fluid passing through the compressor:

  • Gas pure
  • Superheated steam
  • Gas mixture
  • Saturated steam

Types of Dynamic Compressors:

  • Centrifugal
  • Axial
  • Ejector

Positive Displacement:

  • Rotary screw
  • Vane lobes
  • Alternative
  • Piston
  • Diaphragm

Methods for Drilling

  • Rotopercutiva: Rock drilling, rotary drilling
  • According to Type of Machinery:
    • Manual Drilling
    • Drilling Mechanized
  • By Type of Work:
    • Drilling of bank
    • Drilling Progress
    • Drilling, Production
    • Drilling Chimneys
    • Drilling coating
    • Sustaining Drilling

Drill Rigs

  • Drilling Manual
  • Pneumatic Drills
  • Drills Drilling Mechanical

General Types:

  • Bar Integrales (chisel-type, multiple inserts, buttons)
  • Trichonida Drills
  • Bits compact (PDC)
  • Drill bits with tungsten inserts
  • Diamond drill bits natural
  • Chipmaster

Overview Explosive

Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures, temperatures can rise to 4500 ° C and pressure bar may exceed 250,000.

Storage is governed by Act No. 17,798 of the Ministry of Defense and the Mine Safety Act 72. National Mobilization Directorate under the Ministry of Defense.

Tinderbox of Surface Types

  • Underground
  • Buried
  • Mobile

Blasting

Explosive armed, installation in the draft guide burning, explosion