Crafting Effective Reports: Key Elements & Methodology
Key Elements for Establishing a Report
A well-structured report should address two fundamental questions to ensure proper processing:
- Purpose and Use: Why is this report needed? How will the applicant use the information? What practical and realistic research design supports the report?
- Presentation: How can the information be presented clearly and attractively to potential readers?
Typical sections of a report include:
- Title
- Index
- Introduction
Introduction: Defining the Problem and Justification
The introduction should focus on presenting the problem or issue that the report addresses, justifying the study, and outlining the approach. Briefly explain the reasons for studying the issue, suggesting that the investigation fulfills a specific purpose. The introduction should include:
- Identification of the body, institute, or company conducting the research, including the contract details (e.g., public call, restricted).
- Description of the problem and the circumstances or reasons for the study.
- Statement of the general and specific objectives of the research, aiming to provide a response to the problem.
- Reference to the exhibition plan that the report follows.
Methodology: Research Design and Techniques
This section details the research design. It is the most technical part of the report, describing the ideological and organizational approach to obtaining information. Include information about the tools and techniques used to obtain, record, and analyze data. This section should cover:
- Methodological approach and justification (theoretical or practical).
- Description of technical instruments used for observation, including the steps followed for processing instruments designed specifically for the research.
- Implementation of observation instruments, with clear references to the variables used to define population samples, unit selection, number of selected elements, etc.
- Mention of recording techniques and data analysis methods.
- Discussion of problems or deficiencies affecting the validity and reliability of results, especially in scientific reports.
- For qualitative reporting, include issues related to the circumstances or contexts that influenced the research.
Lessons Learned: Presenting Evidence and Arguments
This is the core of the report. Present significant evidence and arguments in an orderly manner to address the research problem. Clearly identify information that is relevant to the demand and distinguish it from irrelevant or marginally relevant data. Articulate the main argument that integrates all gathered information in terms of the objectives.