Cultural and Literary Developments in the Fifteenth Century
The fifteenth century was a transition period, corresponding to Renaissance. As a result of the trends, the struggle of effective succession led to the creation of valid literary works such as the Clastina. Historical perspectives highlight the importance of the Renaissance in the kingdoms of Castile and Aragón, particularly during the Catholic marriage period. Courtly lyric gained popularity close to the fifteenth century, as cultured courtiers developed a refined position around the world. These works were preserved through canciones. Major books were compiled, where one compiler was copying the compositions. The principal canciones include: Baena’s Cancionero, Stúñiga’s Cancionero, and General Cancionero. Courtly lyric can be categorized into two types of poetry: – Real Art, which is characterized by expressive fundamental octosyllabic verses. – Major Art, which consists of longer verses typically in decasyllabic form. In terms of content, fundamental influences can be observed: – in the Primrose moment, lyric troubadour poetry, and the brave shape of their love, often satirical. – Additionally, lyric-dramatic algorithms from Italy manifested in long poems with symbolic characteristics, often didactic and doctrinal. Santayana marked a vast culture, combining political and military culture with literature. The Castilian educated class also drew from Italian influences. – In Real Art, one must consider their canciones. – Notably, their art is more poetic, with notable works like La Ponza Comedia. Juan de Ore was one of the major Latinists of his time, composing numerous works in octosyllabic verse, including his masterpiece Labrinto de la Fortuna, an extensive poem in decasyllabic couplets. Manrik Jorg was probably one of the most significant courtly poets of the fifteenth century. His work includes 50 compositions and arrangements in octosyllabic Real Art. His fame was due to the songs he composed in memory of his father. Prose in Castilian literature saw significant development during the fifteenth century, producing works with historical character and other forms that fell within the novelistic molds. The fifteenth century also saw the emergence of the novel genre, particularly caballerías. Other narrative genres that began to flourish in the fifteenth century include the sentimental novel, which features courtly and noble protagonists in a caballeresco setting, exploring themes of passion and love. The novel often presents characters in more intimate settings, frequently reflecting on their feelings of love.
– Modal Phrases: These are constructed with the infinitive and can express obligation: the speaker insists on mandatory action: · Haber + de + infinitive · Hacer + que + infinitive · Tener + que + infinitive · Deber + infinitive – Likelihood: the speaker expresses uncertainty: · Deber + de + infinitive – Possibility: Poder + infinitive · Soler + infinitive – Aspectuals: these indicate actions that are about to begin: · Empezar + a + infinitive · Poner + a + infinitive – Ingressives: actions that are about to start: · Ir + a + infinitive – Resultatives: actions that have been completed: · Estar + participle – Reiteratives: Volver a + infinitive – Terminatives: Dejar de + infinitive – Conjunctions and conjunctive-copular locutions: Include y, e, no – Disjunctive: Include u, o, bien. – Distributive: Include ya … y, pues … bien, a … lo que sea. – Adversative: Include pero, sin embargo, aunque, no obstante. – Explanatory: Include es decir, esto es. – Completive: Include que y sí. – Key names: Include con que, luego que, por lo tanto, así que … que, etc. – Causal: Include porque, como, pues, puesto que, y que, etc. – Final: Include para que, a fin de que, etc. – Conditional: Include si, siempre que, como, etc.