Decision Making: A Comprehensive Guide
Decision Making
Unanimous Decisions
A unanimous decision is reached when all members of a group agree on a course of action.
Creativity and Decision Making
Creativity is a valuable asset in decision making. It enables us to view situations from various perspectives, fostering innovative solutions and boosting confidence in our choices.
Risk in Decision Making
Risk is the chance of an unfavorable event occurring. It significantly influences decisions by requiring us to assess the likelihood of success for each alternative and the potential consequences. High-risk decisions involve greater uncertainty about the outcome.
Steps in the Decision-Making Process
Phase 1: Problem Identification and Definition
Phase 2: Problem Analysis and Objective Setting
Phase 3: Alternative Generation and Selection
Phase 4: Decision Implementation
Phase 5: Evaluation
Influence of Group Dynamics on Decision Acceptance
In organizations, group decisions are often preferred as they promote transparency and consensus. Decisions made solely by an employer may face resistance from employees.
Pros and Cons of Individual vs. Group Decisions
Individual decisions risk subordinate disapproval, while group decisions may take longer to reach a consensus. Evaluating the results of decisions is crucial.
Importance of Decision Evaluation
Evaluating decisions is essential for analyzing implementation, monitoring outcomes, identifying and addressing shortcomings, and making necessary adjustments for improvement.
Centralized Decision Making
Centralized decision making occurs when decision-making authority primarily rests with an individual or a small group, commonly seen in small businesses.
Utilitarian Ethics in Decision Making
Utilitarian ethics prioritizes decisions that benefit the majority within an organization. This approach is often employed in developing employee regulations.
The Necessity of Decision Making
Decision making is the process of selecting from available options to address situations encountered in various contexts, such as work, family, and personal life. The key difference lies in the process and approach used to reach a decision.
Individual Decision Making
Individual decision making involves a person using their reasoning and judgment to choose a solution to a problem they face independently.
Recurring Problems
Recurring problems are common within organizations and occur sporadically. While challenging to predict, addressing these problems effectively is crucial.
Rational Decisions
Rational decisions involve a logical process where an individual selects an option after carefully considering the available information and potential outcomes.
Programmable vs. Non-Programmable Decisions
Programmable Decisions:
Repetitive and routine decisions with established solutions, requiring minimal effort to resolve.Non-Programmable Decisions:
Unique and complex decisions lacking predefined procedures, often made at higher organizational levels.
Operational Decisions
Operational decisions are made daily by employees to address routine work-related matters.
Factors Influencing Decision Making
External Factors:
Circumstances beyond the decision maker’s control, such as environmental stability, risk, and time constraints.Internal Factors:
within these factors are individual characteristics of the person who decides, the main factors to consider are the attitude, aptitude , experience and culture. cuandoc individual decision a person takes the ultimate responsibility for the matter. Decision group if c is taken X number of people on which rests the obligation to decide jointly.