Demolition Types, Procedures, and Safety Regulations in Construction

Posted on Aug 21, 2024 in Physical Education

Demolition Types and Procedures

Types of Demolition

A. According to the Procedure Used:

  1. Demolition element by element.
  2. Demolition for collapse.
  3. Demolition mixed or combined.

B. According to the Means Used:

  1. Manuals.
  2. Mechanics.
  3. Explosives.

Development of Demolition Implementation

Demolition shall be conducted in an orderly manner by following these steps:

  1. Decommissioning of industrial equipment: This involves dismantling industrial equipment or machinery that exists in the building, such as lifts, pumping equipment, heating systems, etc.
  2. Demolition or removal of outgoing covered bodies: Such as chimneys or decorative pieces which by their nature should be demolished before lifting the cover material.
  3. Felling or demolition of the deck: Regardless of the cover, always begin the dismantling or demolition work from the ridge to the eaves, down symmetrically in the tails, thereby avoiding unbalanced overloads.
    The order of the demolition, depending on the type of cover, shall be as follows:
    1. Demolition or removal of cover material.
    2. Demolition of outstanding training board, which will retire completely before demolishing the small partition or structure to sustain them.
    3. Elimination of the formation of slope. If it is done with small partition, topple them by opposing flaps areas, starting at the ridge and into the eaves.
    4. Withdrawal of ribbons, straps, and cables to be carried out symmetrically from the ridge to the eaves, propping or suspending the trusses previously if no other bracing is provided by these elements.
    5. Dismantling of trusses, which must be suspended if they are to be dropped previously.
  4. Demolition of elements at each plant:
    1. Interior walls: The elements are cut with vertical cuts every 2 or 3 meters, made from top to bottom, and then implement its demolition, which is normally done manually or by pushing.
    2. Enclosing walls and load-bearing walls: The demolition of the walls, in general, can be done manually, by pulling or pushing.
  5. Demolition of structural elements:
    1. Forged with joists: Entrevigado will be demolished by the central zone, parallel to the joists and both sides of the area removed, without weakening them and they are semiviguetas without breaking compresión.
    2. Reinforced concrete slabs in one direction: It is cut into strips parallel to the main truss, proceeding in a similar manner as described for slabs of joists.
    3. Reinforced concrete slabs in both directions will be cut by boxes starting from the central area covered by four strips leaving abacus connecting the ábacos.
    4. Vigas forged, in the case of forged unidirectional entrevigado, will be demolished first and then proceed with the demolition of the beams which is necessary to demolish all the elements of the upper floor beam and release all loads acting on it.
    5. Supports: To undertake the demolition of the media, all the elements which attack from above him will have been previously demolished. If the support is metal, it will be suspended and then cut off its support base by pouring it on forging. If the media is reinforced concrete, it will be demolished by biting tension of the basse concrete and discovering the trusses; the trusses are cut opposite to that which will hold the tension, the other trusses acting as a hinge, and cut once dejected support. Concrete walls will be demolished as carriers, vertical strip 1 meter wide and 4 feet high at most.
    6. Vaults have to be underpinned and reversed all the thrusts. Filler material is deleted and the straps should not be cut until it has been demolished completely. Demolition is done inversely to its construction.

ESS and EBSS (Safety and Health Study)

It is perceptive to conduct a study of safety and health when they make one of the following assumptions:

  1. The contractual budget execution, including the draft, is not less than 75 million pesetas.
  2. The estimated duration exceeds 30 days, using at one time more than 20 workers simultaneously.
  3. The volume of estimated labor, understood as the sum of the total workdays of employees in the work, does not exceed 50 working days.
  4. Works by tunnels, galleries, underground pipelines, and dams.

In works projects not included in the above cases, the developer is obliged to develop a basic study of safety and health in the drafting stage of the project. The documentation included in an ESS is as follows:

  1. Descriptive report.
  2. Statement of conditions.
  3. Planos.
  4. Measurements and budget.

Health and Safety Plan

The health and safety plan is developed by a builder and its goal is to analyze, study, develop, and even complete the estimates in the study of health and safety or the baseline survey. It can include options for preventive measures provided they do not decrease the levels of protection or the monetary amount of the security measures. The health and safety plan must be approved before the start of construction by the coordinator on safety and health during the execution of the work.

Jurisdiction of Coordinator for Safety and Health

The health and safety coordinator is the agent who, working with the board of development, directs the development of the work in their areas of safety and health under the plan. Coordination is an important activity and shall give instead of three components: a creative, another technique, and another controller. As a technical activity, the coordination is required to complete orders and details aspects that are not adequately defined in the plan and have to make sure that the means and measures that are implemented are in accordance with the Health and Safety Plan and applicable law; as a controlling activity, it requires the verification and assurance by signing the safety measures.

Pricing and Types of Contract

The contract is the document through which the builder assumes the risk of their content in exchange for financial compensation that the developer undertakes to pay. Thus, it is the document that must resolve how to set the price and when the agreed price must be paid. There are three main models of contract work: a flat-rate, units for administration, and execution.

  1. Lump sum contracts: The one in which the construction company undertakes to perform the work for a fixed price, regardless of the problems that may arise. This type of contract is often used in works of small cuantía. The promoter knows “a priori” the cost of the work and is not affected by unforeseen events that arise during implementation. It shares the risks with the constructor. The constructor asks for a higher price for the execution of work and assumes the potential for cost increases. The architect develops the same functions as in any other type of contract, i.e., controlled and checked the quality of what was done to strengthen the inspection in cases where the builder has taken more risks into account.
  2. Contract for Management: This is one in which the construction company does not receive a fixed price, but it depends on the actual execution cost. The promoter compensates the company by posting a profit previously. This type of contract is suitable for the implementation of parts of a work, or reform, which are difficult to value in the project. The constructor assumes no financial risk as they press less operarios. The architect fulfills its function to verify the quality of the executed.
  3. Contract executed by units: The one in which the developer pays for work performed to the unit prices that were proposed by the manufacturer to pay its promoter. The promoter pays for the work actually performed without suffering changes in price and can learn quite closely the final cost of construction. The builder assumes the risk of cost variations increases, lost workdays, and so on, but it charges the units that have actually run periodically. The architect shall certify the amount of work performed to determine the amount of payments.