Digestive and Urinary Systems: Key Functions

Posted on Mar 17, 2025 in Biology

Digestive System Functions and Processes

  1. Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
    Filtration
  2. The activities of the digestive system are regulated by:
    All of the above
  3. Sandwiched between the layer of the circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the:
    Myenteric Plexus
  4. Functions of the large intestine include:
    All of the above
  5. Digestion refers to the:
    B and C only
  6. Functions of the stomach include all the following, except for:
    Absorption of triglycerides
  7. Which muscular contractions propel the contents of the digestion?
    Peristalsis
  8. Parietal cells in the stomach secrete:
    Hydrochloric acid
  9. Chief cells in the stomach secrete:
    Pepsinogen
  10. An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is:
    Cholecystokinin
  11. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
    Pancreas
  12. The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is:
    Secretin
  13. An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is:
    Gastrin
  14. An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is:
    Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)
  15. An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk protein is:
    Renin
  16. The enzyme pepsin digests:
    Proteins
  17. Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include:
    A and B only
  18. Functions of the tongue include all of the following, except for:
    Partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx
  19. Each of the following is a function of the liver, except for:
    Antibody production
  20. Plicae and intestinal villi:
    Increase the surface area of the small intestine

Cellular Respiration and Metabolism

  1. During glycolysis:
    A, B, and C
  2. In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is catabolized gives a net yield of how many molecules of ATP?
    2
  3. In the electron transport chain:
    All of the above
  4. A balanced diet should:
    All of the above
  5. For adults, there are ____ essential amino acids:
    8
  6. During lipolysis:
    Triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.
  7. In the process of cellular respiration (glycolysis + oxidative), each molecule of glucose that is metabolized yields enough energy to form _____ molecules of ATP:
    36
  8. The sum of all the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called:
    Metabolism
  9. Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons?
    All of the above
  10. The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigment is vitamin:
    A

Urinary System Functions and Processes

  1. Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop?
    A, B, and C
  2. Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include:
    All of the above
  3. In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce:
    Urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions
  4. The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the:
    Juxtaglomerular complex
  5. The urinary system does all the following, except that it:
    Excretes excess albumin molecules
  6. A glomerulus is:
    A knot of capillaries within the renal capsule
  7. Urine is eliminated through the:
    Urethra
  8. The process of filtration occurs at:
    The glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
  9. Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule and the glomerulus make up the:
    Renal corpuscle
  10. The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is:
    Absorption of ions…
  11. Which of the following is not an important function of the kidney?
    Excretion…
  12. Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system, except:
    Rectum
  13. The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney:
    4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8
  14. When the level of ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone):
    Both A and C
  15. The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the:
    Distal convoluted tubule
  16. The ability to form a concentrated urine depends on the function of:
    Both C and D
  17. The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by:
    A, B, and C
  18. Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by:
    The ureters
  19. All of the following are true of the kidneys, except that they are:
    Located partly within the pelvic cavity
  20. The process of filtration is driven by:
    Blood hydrostatic pressure