Distribution Plan, Machine Allocation, and Interference
Distribution Plan: Concept, Determinants, and Types
Plant layout is the process by which the best possible management of production factors is determined, so as to configure a production system capable of reaching targets in the most economic and efficient manner.
The overall objective of the floor layout is to find an arrangement of work areas and equipment that is the cheapest possible. This basic objective is divided into four sub-objectives:
- Minimum Flow Unit, Security, Flexibility
Factors involved in the physical layout:
- Materials
- Machinery
- Labor
- Movement
- Waiting
- Ancillary services: those that facilitate the core business
- Buildings
- Changes
Four types of plant distribution are identified:
- Distribution plant for products: In this distribution, machines are located next to each other along a line of sequence of operations.
- Plant for distribution in processes: Personnel and equipment that perform the same function are grouped in the same area.
- Distribution or cell hybrid work: It consists of assigning different machines to work cells where forms and products with similar processing requirements are processed. A cell is defined as a cluster of machines and workers who produce a sequence of operations.
- Distribution plan for fixed position: This distribution is used when it is not possible to move the product. Although the products are unique, all the projects share a number of general characteristics for which there are three types:
Project construction projects for manufacturing fixed position: Multiple Projects carried out in one place: advertising agency, R&D. In this case, the projects are unique every time.
Allocation and Interference Between Machines
The purpose of the allocation of machines is to avoid interruptions in the production process.
Problems in the production process include downtime and queues.
To avoid these problems, the so-called optimized production technology (OPT) is often applied. For its implementation, there are five rules:
A primary objective for the company is to minimize total costs, and there are two major sources generating cost production:
- Wait: The degree of complexity of the queues depends on two basic factors: servers or channels and processing phases or stages.
It is also important to determine the number of potential customers. The problem of queues can occur in two ways:
- Variability in arrival rates of jobs and services in a system with a single server or channel.
- Variability in arrival rates of jobs and services in a multichannel system.
2 – System capacity: Plans are cargo capacity plans for the long, short, and medium term. Loading plan known mismatches are calculated between this and the available capacity. When possible, mathematical programming is used, and within it, the KUHN allocation algorithm is used, which is to establish the steps of orders for each component of the machine. Sequencing will depend on the settings you have. There are two types of sequencing:
- Sequencing on one machine or installation. In this case, we distinguish two cases:
- Considering the prep time
- Regardless of preparation time
- Sequencing several machines: