Earth Moving Machinery

Posted on May 12, 2024 in Technology

EARTH MOVING MACHINERY

Sorted by propulsion

Towed self-propelled or propelled

According to his base

Base stations or base stop motion

According to the way it works

Above the seating platform to platform level seating Below seat platform

TRACTORS

They are the foundation of earth-moving machinery, consists first of a frame, frame or skeleton, has an undercarriage that supports the floor which can be a set of wheels or chains or track system. Take a motor that can be gasoline or diesel diesels being more efficient, durable, economical and less damage.

Elements of transmission, torque converter (to change gears does not lose strength or speed), gearboxes, brakes., All usually goes on the frame. The command post operator and ergonomic seat has more luxuries and advances. The fuel tank which is usually gas.

Types:

3.1.1. Crawler: They tend to be very slow (3-15 km / h), speaking on speed of work, are maintained on high-powered truck and resistant, is used mostly in thrust or drag.

Advantages over wheels:

or may rotate at a single point between 180 and 360

or have a more effective contact with the ground, being heavier support throughout the caterpillar.

or exert less pressure and sink to the ground less.

or have a very low center of gravity tending less overturning.

Appropriate entries:

or Drag roller compaction, including downed trees.

or Drag scarifiers or ripper.

or serve to push or tow other machines.

or soil compaction

Conditions to warrant its use:

or in soft ground, very soft, wet or muddy.

o difficult topography, land slope, rocky or freshly flown in which

there were rocks with sharp edges. O For how many short runs of 300 m

or help to other machines of great weight for his great ability to drive and if time and speed are not a primary factor and that their maintenance is cheap and give less problems.

Crawler tractor parts:

or frame: is the element that supports other parts of the machine and is the supporting element in almost all parts connected i rely on it. It is designed to withstand heavy loads and efforts. Must be strong and highly resistant, since it must withstand torques, bending, impact and weight of the machine. Given a deformation or fracture can not be repaired on site but in the workshop. It is usually manufactured in one piece and usually consists of beams and trusses.

or Chassis: The set of parts which serves the tractor for movement and support. Since it is part of the machine that has contact with the ground, is likely to penetrate between its components powder, sludge, sand, water .. . Etc., So the manufacturers have been concerned to seal all the pieces to give them a longer life. It is oscillating, ie that the channels can go up or down the front in order to make contact with the ground despite the irregularities of it. The frame, wheel steel rods, idler, chain tensioner, rollers (upper and lower), rail links, tiles or blocks are part of the undercarriage.

? Caterpillar cart or frame: The main element is a steel beam that supports the full weight and is usually composed of high strength materials supporting high voltages.

? Toggle wheel: o Drive, is located on each side of the machine and attaching the output shaft final drives, serving to move the chain and achieve the transfer of the unit. Because the passage of the toggle wheel is half the chain pitch, his teeth are odd to meshing them.

? Toggle wheel high: the advantages is that the high will be protected, repair and change more easily, is better suited to the terrain, and its disadvantages are that it has more string so you have more parts and is heavier .

? Wheel Guide: You placed in the front of the cart track, with its mission to guide and bracing as the chain also called tensors. The placement of the wheel is on the front of the racks of chain by movable supports. It is common to place a protection or defense so that no stones are introduced between the idler and the frame.

? Tensor Set: Allows you to tighten the chain and becomes fat or oil by providing a compressed air nozzle and the rod moves forward and the nozzle pushes the idler shaft and tightening the chain.

? Rollers: support the weight of the chain and make this not buckle, they often carry one or two rollers.

? Rollers: They support the weight of the machine, usually take six or seven reels. To be much harder to work on these rollers, the manufacturer makes them more resistant and heat-treated well.

? Chain: Formed by two parallel lines articulated link between them that allow undercarriage wheels slip on them. The fixing of the tiles in each pair of links is by using nuts and bolts, the distance between the axes of two consecutive pins called “step-chain.” This step increases with wear, resulting in a deterioration in the wheel Cobillo. Each chain carries a special pin called “hitch pin” that can be removed easily, thereby allowing the chain to open.

Tile Types: There are many varieties of tile or shoe depending on the type of terrain you have to move, are rolled steel and subsequent induction hardened.

Normal (FIG. – A): It is flat with a single claw, used in normal working conditions, has good grip and penetration.

To Rock (FIG. – B): Made of steel with high hardness and high wear resistance, used pair work on bedrock, has nerves which are reinforcements and is used to prevent slippage and to achieve greater lateral stability.

Far Service (FIG. – C): Just the normal profile, but with greater thickness and special steel. It is used to hard work where they can receive severe shocks, is more expensive than normal.

Semidouble Claw (FIG. – D): You have a normal grip and the other half of the height, has good grip, provides the machine turning on itself, not nailed both on the ground thus increasing performance .

Triple Grip (FIG. – E): It has three claws of the same height, is used in the spinning wheel loaders and easily without losing grip.

Pantanal (FIG. – F): The triangular section, is mounted on tractors and loaders floating marshes used to and the like, are very long, hollow and self-cleaning.

For Snow (FIG. – G): Take a hole in the center to evacuate the snow, has good grip and penetration.

Plana (FIG. – H): No claws, are used when the twists and penetration meaningless. Rubber flat Taco (FIG. – I): Used to roll on road and delicate floors.

The width and pressure on the ground of the tiles depends on the size and weight of the tractor in line of work, that is, provided all the equipment and the terrain on which it acts, the state of it and the weather.

Standard tile size ranges from 36-76 cm., This shingle exert pressure on the ground from 0.35 to 1 kp / cm ^2. The Pantanal tile has a width of between 50 and 90 cm., And exerts pressure on the ground of between 0.15 and 0.3 Kp / cm2.

Works Councils:

With regard to diesel and gasoline engines should be provided on site, these elements can be changed by the operator using the machine:

or sleeves of the cooling system

or clamps, the diameters of the sleeves.

or fan belts, alternator, alternator, coolant pump.

or engine oils, gearbox and transmission.

or air and oil filters, injectors.

or Plugs, Lamps of all kinds and different amperage fuses.

or caps and Rotor delco.

As for the undercarriage tracks:

or Texas and bolts of these.

o The rail link.

Sector or steepening of the toggle wheel.

or chain-tensioning equipment.

or rollers

o The complete change in the chain or track.

2. Wheels with tires: are faster than those of larvae (30-60 km / h) are also lighter

Types:

o With an unbalanced drive shaft and wheels.

o With two-wheel drive axles and asymmetrical.

or with a drive shaft and is supported on a trailer behind.

Duration of tires: Measured in hours of work, which is about 3000 h, depending on soil type, sunlight, weather … (They tend to change every 1 year or a V2)

When you have to work on soft ground we have several relationships:

Place wheels or greater relief.

Weigh down the tires or increasing their weight by filling them with water, “Ballast” is to remove air, then water needed to fill and then add air to the proper tire pressure. In winter they must take antifreeze, and gives more weight to the tractor and also makes it slower.

In areas of rock with sharp edges and sharp edges, put the chains of protection. Normally we will increase tire life by 50% and protects the tread and the ball. This has a problem and is there to stop occasionally to tension the chain without breaking the tire and the tractor slows.

Conditions to warrant its use:

or in dry, semi-dry, hard or semi-hard.

o level or seminivelada topography with few slopes or gentle slopes. On road or area in which we Pavers, firm and curbs which

would destroy the caterpillars, or where it is to cross rails, floors. On long or over 300 m, they are taken better performance. O In general jobs requiring some speed.

3. Ripper

It is the team that assembled almost all track-type tractors, may also be called “ripper or heartbreaking.” Its use is alternated with thrust sheet when working on very hard ground in order to fragment and make it easier and faster team’s work. The scarifiers are manually operated and hydraulically when they are young when they are larger. Always crawler.

Types according to their way of raising:

or Radial

or parallelogram

The segments of work are the “spears” placed at the bar “portarrejones” and can be moved vertically to vary the working depth. The spears are at its lower end a “tip or boot” which is what makes the work harder and therefore suffers the most wear, and for this reason easy replacement.

Ring: the bar gets the spear for handling.

Coupling holes: Par placed at a depth or another depending on the depth of the spear. Blade front protection: Facilitates the advancement of the spear.

Punta or boot: does the job harder with the knife.

Rejon or Tooth Types:

Recto: it has greater power to break and feed force is used on hard and compact and is the most penetrating.

Curved: Smaller is to remove loose items outside (Pavers, stones, trees)

Mixed: The smallest, is for mild scarification, also takes elements of the field, has a good performance, it is faster, but not so the disruption and advancement, is used a lot.

Types of Ripper:

Radial Gotne or Simple:

Use in areas not very compact, is mounted on small to medium tractors and always balanced with engine power. The spears are smaller than in the parallelogram and low performance. The rise and fall is done with two hydraulic cylinders and angle of attack spear vary with soil depth (the maximum depth is 70 cm.)

Rejones Placement:

or you have one is placed in the center

or If it takes two, should be placed as close together as possible (always balancing)

or If it takes four, placed two on each end.

o If it takes 5, are placed along the drawbar.

Gotne or Radial Oscillator:

Varies on the previous, articulated rods are changed by a single rod with a ball that swings in the vertical plane. The oscillation is a hydraulic cylinder carried away more than another, ranging helped by the ball or sphere of marriage, this operation must be carried out before introducing the spear on the ground. The movement is implemented by the operator from the command post. The different holes to hold the spear can attach up to 5 positions and at different heights, these changes are done manually. The maximum slope that can catch the spear is 30 °, are suitable for confined spaces where there is little maneuverability and in fields where the penetration is not difficult. The depth of attack is about 65 cm. It may take 1-3 spears but the oscillation can only ride one. They fit low-powered tractors and are used to remove stones, trees, and to break the ground.

Fixed Angle parallelogram:

Take a frame that is the piece of equipment to the tractor hitch a hinged bar at the top and bottom. The bottom plane may be substituted by a linking plate that favors the mechanical and comprises more than if it were independent bars.

The beam frame is where you engage the teeth and braces are part of this beam is hollow, so that the tooth through the bracket and beam frame.

They also carry some supports which engage the bar linkage and the link with the beam frame.

Also mounted hydraulic cylinders raise and lower the equipment.

Variable Angle parallelogram:

In transport position and tooth bottom stands about 1.20 meters above the ground. The angle of attack is always fixed, usually mounted from 1 to 3 teeth, reaching five exceptionally. The maximum depth to which you can get is 1 meter. Used on hard and tough.

Angle parallelogram Oscillator:

The top-bar linkage are replaced by hydraulic cylinders with cu movement produce an inclination of the product.

The motion 1-2, enter the spear or out of the ground.

The motion 3-4, zoom spear drop the machine.

All these movements should be done with the spear off the field, if we keep the cylinder from above and below with the same length and we fixed it becomes a parallelogram ripper fixed angle.

There is a parallelogram ripper variable angle giant joins the larger tractors, in addition to breaking the most difficult terrain, it can act on slopes, angular surface, removal of rocks in deep and not very cliff. In this type of ripper new elements appear as

Pusher: it is a bumper that protects the equipment from potential impacts against the rock. It is also used as a contact point for another machine to push if you get stuck.

Reinforcement: Used to be distributed over a larger surface resistance of the ground, but we did this the spear would suffer all the impacts.

When we ride a ripper tooth with a single, full engine power is concentrated in him and in favorable sites may reach up to 1.70 meters deep.

THRUST MACHINERY 4.1. DOZER

The Dozer is the steel sheet is attached and articulated to the tractor to the pull of land. It is placed in the front of the tractor and is known as “Dozer, push blade, bulldozer or dozer.” By extension Dozer is called the combination of the tractor, and thrust the blade of joints between

1. Dozer Type:

– BULLDOZER:

? Straight-dozer: You can not tilteo movements, almost obsolete.

? Tilt-dozer:

? Angle-dozer: You can pour the land on either side, guiding the blade and also serve as a snowplow. Some have tipteo movement.

? Cleaning rake or leaf: Leaf-shaped rake used to clean and clear, but not to push land.

? Snow: To clean the work area when there is snow.

– DOZER ON TIRES: It’s actually a tractor tire to which he attaches a dozer blade.

2. Movements and positions of the dozer blade in a machine

Hoisting thrust sheet

Tipteo, in which the blade can swing by hydraulic cylinders

Tilteo, when the blade can pivot in its plane about the longitudinal axis of the tractor

Angle, is the change in angle to the longitudinal axis of the machine, keeping the blade at the same height

3. Dozer sizes on the market:

Maximum setting tilteo:

– 39 hp 0.30 m

– 700 hp 1.10 m

4. Characteristics of the dozer:

– You can walk on land with slopes of up to 30%.

– The maximum transport speed is 15 km / h, the maximum operating speed depends on the hardness of the terrain and the difficulties of this, usually between 1.5 and 5 km / h. Consumption under normal conditions can be set between 175 and 180 g of fuel per horsepower per hour and work.

– The nudge distance varies between 10 and 100 m linear, depends on the size of the machine and terrain.

5. Job Specific

– Clearing the ground.

– Demolition of trees.

– Start of logs.

– Land Transport.

– Excavation of land.

– Filling.

– Joints.

– Scattered seminivelación land and land.

6. Leaf types can mount a dozer:

– STRAIGHT: used to land scarified or ripping, are more firepower and less capacity. It is interchangeable.

– SEMI U: It is soft ground, loose sand and soil. It is interchangeable.

– EN U: For loose materials, slag, coal, for movements of large volumes and are used for mines and factories. It is interchangeable. Q1 P1

Sheet with Damping: designed to push to other machines, for example, machines with a single spear. They carry a thrust plate to protect the road shock. Can be mounted on the three types of leaves.

7.STRAIGHT DOZER

Consisting of a steel sheet particularly resistant to impact and wear. In the bottom carries a cutting blade divided into sections so that they can be replaced according to their wear. The edges are called corner pieces that serve to shape the field by the side. This equipment is attached to the tractor with moveable parts and all the effort that gets transmitted to the car tracked by thrust arms placed on either side of the tractor. Hydraulic cylinders are used to perform the lifting and lowering movements, coupled to the tractor by a pin and attached to the underside of the leaf.

With arms adjustment is achieved tipteo movement, in some cases manually and in others through hydraulic cylinders. The manual adjustment arm comprises a threaded rod and a spindle that rotates on it to activate it, the rods are screwed and unscrewed in the opposite direction, so as to lengthen or shorten pushing the blade forward or backward, making the tipteo ranging from about 5 °.

The straps are pieces that maintain the rigidity of the machine and are placed in a horizontal plane, since the joints have significant gaps.

8.TILT-DOZER

It replaces a manual adjustment arm by a hydraulic cylinder that allows you tilteo movement. To perform this movement away horizontal braces giving rigidity to the machine. If the cylinder is placed on the left will move to the right and vice versa. When you have cylinders on both sides, both movements will occur to let one of them fixed. Tilteo angle formed between the leaf blade and the plane of

l field, comes to about 10-15 °.

Work of a Tilt-dozer:

General or All

Breaking or icy surfaces, floors and any kind of pavement.

or Excavation in trenches, ditches and middle rows.

or works well with the hillside.

o For buried pipelines.

or cleaning road slopes and ditches.

or felling trees (trees media)

To cut down a tree, around the outside so that it breaks the surface roots, staying as a given, and finally lifting the blade and push the top of the tree.

4.1.9

ANGLE DOZER (orientable or angle dozer)

It received its name due to movement of the blade angle can be performed by replacing arc thrust his arms thrust in the other dozer. This arch is anchored to the car of the caterpillar on both sides, and the only point of contact with the blade at the center and is articulated with ball. The movement is done with the angle arm that hooks through media. Arms are manual adjustment and serve tilteo movement to raise the entire complex has hydraulic lifting cylinders that are hooked to the arch thrust. This dozer blades are longer and lower.

Work of a dozer Angle:

– Push of lands that should move sideways without changing the direction of travel.

– Can be used for snow removal, leaving a passage of a width of about 4 meters in small layers of snow.

– In equalization of land, land with low consistency moves.

– Works well along the hillside, always downhill.

– They are not good for the lifting of layers at the low engine power. 4.1.10.

WHEEL DOZER (wheel dozer)

This machine is more appropriate than the caterpillar in jobs with longer distances faster and in dry and hard. It grows faster than the caterpillars and misbehaves in muddy fields, rocky slopes.

The wheels of this machine are not directional, rotation of the machine is made by the bankruptcy of the frame, with two hydraulic cylinders (one cylinder is extended while the other shortens)

11. PERFORMANCE OF A DOZER (production)

C: drive capacity: the capacity of the machinery to pile dirt in front without overflow measured in m ^3.

E: Coefficient of efficiency: depends on the operator and the external conditions, under normal conditions is taken as E = 0.80

F: ground bulking coefficient will vary with the terrain.

d

Tc: Time cycle of the machine in minutes v = –

Tc _/ ^ ~ ~ \ ₍

v: average speed when it is loaded and empty d: distance between center axes of the mounds. As a return cycle, this distance is multiplied by 2. ¹ –

SHOVEL LOADER

Basics

or frame or engine or transmission

or Chassis: version version of caterpillar and tires (with fixed or articulated chassis)

or Team: Two articulated arms, and shift rod linkage L or S, bucket or scoop (with teeth or blades) and hydraulic system.

Its main function is to load excavated material by itself or by other machines. The load material can be any type of material can carry.

Other works:

Start of land or very compact or filling ditches or slopes Hairstyle

The cabins are usually removable to facilitate transport and sometimes disassemble the exhaust pipe.

Outstanding exceeds approximately 30 ° to the caterpillar. The characteristics of movements depending on whether wheeled or tracked, are already mentioned.

Characteristics:

or with tires up to 40 km / h gradeability under 20 degrees or Good on hard or semi-hard, suitable for situations where there

to pass through areas already completed. O wheels can be placed chain mesh to protect and facilitate

movements in areas with little clay.

1. PERFORMANCE OF A SHOVEL LOADER

_RCEK 60 ₍₃

R =- (m / h)

_Tc_

C: Capacity of the blade in m ^3.

E: Coefficient of efficiency: it depends on the operator and the state of maintenance of the machine. Usually walk between 0.60 and 0.70 for standard terms.

K: Bucket Fill Factor

Tc: Time cycle of the machine in minutes: We have to take into account four concepts: charge time.

Time to approach the point of discharge of cargo. Download time. Return to the load point.

The cycle time is the sum of these four times. If the work is rising burden of land, plus the yield must be multiplied by a coefficient approaching again using K, obtaining the actual performance.

FRONTAL HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR Primary Circuit

The suction filter can not drag things from the bottom, must be hanged within a certain distance from the bottom where the impurities are deposited.

You can also put another filter in the return, lately is normal placement. The directional valve directs oil.

Secondary Circuit (circuit hydraulic double action)

flexible

The relief pipe from the primary circuit serves to allow the passage of oil when circumstances work rises dangerously circuit pressure, making it down.

Also there is often a relief valve for an extreme case in which frees directly to the oil circuit.

The cylinders are calibrated by the internal diameter of the body, the greater area, more power. The stem is carbon steel and chrome.

It is convenient to change the oil at least once a year, you should do in the fall.

Types of oil: More dense summer

Less dense in winter

Relief Valve:

Hose (hose) with different layers, these tubes are usually three times the pressure resisting guaranteed by the manufacturer (approx. 1400 bar). The normal working voltage is usually not more than 450 bars.

The outer layer should be prepared to withstand shock, rock, tears, weathering and chemicals, the inner pipe should also resist such attacks, as well as high oil temperatures. The hoses need a change after 5000 hours of work.

Before starting the machine the operator must visually check the hydraulic system (appearance of the hoses, gaskets …)

Bulb working of a hydraulic excavator

Normal: is the most used, bring the machine by default, the tests are

– Strait: Used in areas that offer resistance to penetration.

– Width: Used on that front do not have any trouble going faster.

– In V: To facilitate the penetration.

In any case the teeth are replaceable and interchangeable.

Bucket Types:

load.

Job Specific

– Extraction of rocks dynamited.

– Collection of materials in profile.

– Collection and homogenization of the layers of extraction.

– Cut in front of the slope to 9.00 meters.

– Shrinkage cracks and fissures.

– Leveling the cargo area.

RETRO EXCAVATORS

The current backhoe allow this bracing when the line of excavation can not pass through the longitudinal axis of the machine.

Bulb working a backhoe

H: maximum height of extraction h: maximum height of unloading P: maximum depth of excavation A: Maximum Range

Specific jobs

– Carrying out gutters

– Cleaning Slope

– Placing of pipes and tanks

– Demolition of walls and trees

Equipment and backhoe attachments to: replace the spoon

Batilón:

Task force consisting of:

Alarnaderas

Extension: usually about 2 meters long Guide: Mobile and prevents it pendoleo allowing vertical excavation

Guide

Breaker:

This hammer is operated via a hydraulic system (oil) is used to break rocks and soils of very hard, can not be placed in all backhoe.

Ball Breaker:

It is a steel ball that is used for demolition of buildings, walls …

Rocker hangs by a wire or strong string.

Octopus Multigarras:

To boot stones, sticks and materials under water.

Scarifier:

To dig up rocks, paving and tree roots.

Jobs:

Trenching and backfilling wells

Collection of materials on Cut Slope Profile

Homogenization of the layers of Equalization extraction work area or sandy land Smooth

Rocky scraping (with spoons scarifiers)

Caterpillars Advantages:

They are bigger and more powerful, less pressure on the spot, ie shallower, commissioning is very fast, less maintenance and good on sloping land.

Advantages of Wheels:

They are cheaper, can run on pavement, sidewalk or gently sloping land or slightly irregular.

1. Backhoe PERFORMANCE

_RCEK 3600 _{(3 / h)}

R =- (m / h)

_Tc_

C: Capacity of bucket or bucket in m ^3.

E: Coefficient of efficiency: it depends on the operator and the state of maintenance of the machine.

K: Bucket Fill factor: related to the characteristics of the land:

– Burden EASY: Drylands, loose, easy terrain. 1 to 0.8

– Loading Media or NORMAL: Mixed land dry clay, gravel, marl. 0.8 to 0.6

– Burden SOMETHING DIFFICULT: Rocks, wet clay. 0.6 to 0.5

– Upload HARD: irregular or large stones, rock flown. 0.5 to 0.4

Tc: Time cycle of the machine in seconds

Load Time. 2 times the spin time

Time release

Charge Time:

to – 2.00 9 sec

to – 4.00 11 sec

Over 0.00 – 4.00 13 sec.

Drawing Time

45 ° 4 sec. 90 ° 6 sec. 180 ° 8 sec.

Time release

In fixed area (road, ditch) 7 sec.

Area is not fixed in 5 sec.

2. PRODUCTION IN BANK (m 3 / h)

_p =3600
CEK

B = Tc

Fc: shrinkage factor is similar to K.

MIXED RETRO EXCAVATORS

It is the best selling machine of Spain, the more normal is the directional front wheels and rear wheel drive, but also may have to:

or directional front wheels and tractors. Or 4WD

or 4 swivel castors, which makes the turning radius is shorter, making it more maneuverable, it can also obliquely advance (movement of crab)

o articulated chassis with non-directional wheels.

Blade: When the shovel is working very well drag on the team that is fully folded retro

Retro: When operating the backhoe stabilizers are lowered, causing the rear wheels are lifted, then lower the blade and lifting the rear wheels. That’s when the feedback begins to work as it is fully stabilized. The pen is short and straight, the pot has a movement close to 180 degrees.

Features:

– The joint can enroll.

– The maximum speed is 50 km / h

– It is suitable for distances less than 15km From these distances it is better to take on truck.

– Take lighthouses, pilots, intermittent sound reversing light, rotating amber light …

Job Specific

– Member of the blade and the retro. In small works sometimes is the only earth-moving machine out there.

– Also works is widely used on medium and even works great as an auxiliary machine.

COMPACT LOADER

It is a very good machine for small spaces, both in height and width, also in urban areas. May, in addition to load, excavate, compact.

No steering wheel, is operated as levers, wheels on one side work independently from the other and are not directional.

Types of turns:

– For Landslide: Curbing the wheels of one side and keeping the side walk Otor normal.

– For counterrotation: The machine turns on a point, speeding up the wheels on one side and by making the other side will back down.

The major drawback of this machine is suffering from tire wear

Types of Wheels

–

Normal:

Tire-coated air-filled tires

–

Impinchables:

The wheel has a diameter solid rubber wheel, heavier, so lightened by holes in the conference in the section closest to the tire.

– For soft ground can use rubber bands that wrap each pair of wheels, becoming a kind of caterpillar.

The motor is in the rear.

The cockpit is very small because the operator at no time can stand, but is rather cramped. To access the machine is done by the front, always with the shovel in the ground.

At the top of the cabin lights and registration is, as it can be registered as special vehicle.

Usually get to work carried on trailer.

The team are two loading arms but there is a model with one arm much more robust on one side, leaving the other side open for access to the cockpit, they are more difficult to compensate.

Controls:

o All water: more precise movements. Hydraulic and mechanical or

The country that uses this machine is Japan and Europe is Germany.

Features:

The height is usually less than 2.00 m

WEIGHT (Kg)

I bucket capacity (l)
I LOAD (Kg)
I Width (m)

Attachments: Change is very fast and simple, the pot is removed by twisting and lifting a lever from the steering station, the arms are raised, they approach the other attachment, the arms are lowered and gets stuck.

MOTOR GRADERS

Through appropriate hydraulic cylinders for lifting or lowering of the grader blade. Behind the leaf is another small hydraulic cylinder that allows a small movement of the blade tipteo.

DUMP

1. Download Dumper front elevation, gravity Features:

– They tend to carry a diesel engine 12-24 hp.

– Change of four speeds forward and four back.

– Front Wheel Drive, and large 4WD vehicles.

– You can enroll as a special vehicle.

– Gradeability charged between 33 and 35% depending on the model.

– Width of 1.10 to 1.80 m

– Height between 1.10 and 1.30 m

– The oscillation of the rear wheel is between 24 and 30 cm.

– Hopper capacity:

o Frame only 0.50 and 1.80 m ^3.

or articulated Autovolqueta 1900 – 3500 litros

2. Dumper elevation, for articulated on the control panel download

3. Dumper with elevation, water discharge

4. Rotary Dumper download trilateral low

Download The shift is 180 ° (90 ° to 90 ° right and left). Is produced by a turntable, has two hydraulic cylinders (one on each side) and two arms that hold the hopper (also one on each side).

You can not pour into containers, the maximum height from the ground to reaching the hopper is 60 cm. It is best to pour concrete.

5. Trilateral rotary dumper download half-height

The only thing that varies is the position of hydraulic cylinders, which allows the discharge chute is 1.20 m above the ground.

6. Articulated Dumper autovolquete

It is larger than seen so far, has a capacity of 1900 – 3500 liters.

It is very maneuverable in tight spaces thanks to its articulated chassis, is oscillation between the front and the back to keep all types of terrain all four wheels in contact with the ground effectively.

ITEM 3. COMPACTION

General

– Mass Vibrant Floors: Amount of soil placed on vibration when compacted.

– Mass Vibratory compactor Vibrant: The mass of the vibrating compactor and that is, the roller shaft support and vibrant.

– Amplitude of Vibration of a compactor

Vibration T => T == T Pr Size ofundidad h <H m = H

h <H == Pr of <Pr of ₂

Dough Roller Mayor:

T Pr T ofundidad mass m <M == Pr of <Pr of ₂

Dimensions

a – width or length D – Outside Diameter

– Velocity field team

oooooo

Duplex Tandem Compactor Compactor

Single Roller Compactor Roller Compactor single self-propelled towing Asphalt Compactor Roller Compactor

– 2 Km / h 1.5 – 2 Km / h

km / h

km / h

Km / h

15-200 mph

EQUIPMENT

O VIBRATING VIBRATORY PISON

Has a consumption of 0.8 liters / hour, can have a device under the handlebar that stops the machine, if released, called “dead man.” Serves ditch repairs, sidewalks, small surfaces, sills. Has a yield of 3-4 m ³ / h, depending on terrain, and has a speed of 400 beats per minute.

VIBRANT O VIBRATING TRAY

It is a small team and managed to walk, has a weight that can vary with the size from 80 to 600 kg and has a speed of 2000 strokes per minute. It is used to repair small ditches and medium surfaces

Production:

Small Large

6m ³ / h ₃ 20 – 25 m ³ / h

SINGLE ROLLER COMPACTOR VIBRATORY

It is operated by a person on foot, weighs about 450 kg and an output between 20 and 25 m ³ / h with a speed of 2-3 km / h. The vibration can be removed. Used to small and medium-sized surfaces.

DOUBLE ROLLER COMPACTOR (DUPLEX)

There is a range that goes from 29-90 cm in width of the roller and from 500 to 1300 kg in weight. They are used to ditches, small and medium-sized areas, the depth of compaction varies from 10-40 cm and reaches a speed of about 2 kph You can climb slopes greater than 35% but up to 55%, although in the higher range can reach climbing slopes up to 70% uphill. Some have a 15 ° tilt motor. The vibration can be removed.

TANDEM COMPACTOR

Water Tanks

There is a very wide range, the two rollers alike can vibrate and be driven, operated from a command post, never on foot. The weight range varies from 2 to 13 tons. It is articulated so it is very manageable and depth of compaction varies from 0.4 to 1.00 m with a speed of 2-4 km / h.

Types:

– Traction front and rear vibration

– Drive on the two rollers and vibration behind.

– Traction and vibration in the two rolls

They are used in medium building projects, work well on sidewalks, narrow areas, gutters, foundations and sub-bases (granular material). In some the front roller can be moved about 10 cm.

ROLLER COMPACTOR

Usually weighs about 3.5 tonnes, is inexpensive, has a depth of compaction of 0.4-0.8m with a velocity of between 2 and 4 km / h.

SINGLE ROLLER COMPACTOR

Equipment and auxiliary works

There is a range that goes from 5-17 tons of weight with a front from 1.70 to 2.00 meters respectively. It is used for medium to large areas and granular material, all have a walk and can take two positions. The depth of compaction for large is greater than 1.00 meters with a speed 2-4 km / h.

Take the rear-wheel drive are pneumatic roller scrapers and deposit is water. Most cylinders are smooth and are interchangeable, some may take cues and are called “cylinder crowbar, a smooth cylinder can be wrapped with two half-cylinders of crowbar. The vibration and the weight is divided into smaller area.

COMPACTOR WHEEL

The wheels of steel no vibration and are achieved by the impact at a speed of between 15 and 20 km / h. It is articulated and is large with a very small range. They often carry a thrust sheet front to level the ground, spread gravel and / or drain. Used for large areas and sub-bases and bases. The wheels have different profiles and often carry scrapers.

ASPHALTIC COMPACTOR

There is a very wide range, the most used of this kind.