Eclectic and Global Methods: A Comprehensive Guide to Teaching Reading and Writing

Posted on Sep 4, 2024 in Language

Eclectic Method: offers great hope for achieving higher levels of reading and writing. The eclectic method is formed by taking the most valuable and meaningful elements from other methods to facilitate learning reading and writing. The eclectic approach is analytic-synthetic and was created by Dr. Vogel, who managed to associate the spelling of each word with the idea it represents. This method facilitates the teaching and learning of reading and writing simultaneously. Eclecticism is to use the best elements of several methods to form a new one, but added to a definite idea, the Eclectic Method Process. Based on the method of normal words, the teacher can take the following items from each method for his teaching:

  • The alphabet: The order of the letters, illustrations to remember the letters by association, and letters prepared in cardboard, with vowels in a different color.
  • From the syllabic consonants: The order of their teaching and different exercises, analysis of words to get to the syllable, the use of fewer materials, and the use of the syllabary.
  • From phonetic: The teaching of each of the phonemes, association of phoneme-grapheme, onomatopoeic resources, and simultaneous teaching of reading and writing.
  • Of the total: The motivation and love of reading and writing out words from context, the analysis and synthesis of words, and environment counsel.

Characteristics of the Method: Tries to encourage the child and the child, through stories, poems, songs, rounds, and other literary forms, it becomes natural because the student learns through the laws of learning. Allows to make analysis, synthesis, and comparison of the letter, so that students can imprint the details of the letters. This is working and learning with your own self-activity. Education is a collective and individual process. The teacher seeks new learning strategies, is analytic-synthetic, since it takes the word as a basis for going to the syllable and phoneme, teaches both reading and writing, with the aim of encouraging the establishment of the written image of letter, word, phrase, and sentence, associating them with pictures.

ADVANTAGES Covers all children’s needs, focuses on children’s interests, considers the motivation and psychology, stimulates learning, and provides the teacher with free choice. DISADVANTAGES The teacher should handle all methods of reading and writing, otherwise, it will not achieve the balance. Requires continuous updating by the teacher, for teaching, learning overall responsibility lies with the teacher.

Global Method belongs to the analytical methods, which are characterized by starting the reading process, presenting children with unified meaning units, i.e., the same natural way that follows the process of speaking, considering that words are the basic units for thought, focusing on its meaning and significance. The method is also known as a method of complete sentences and the Decroly method. The overall method is the analytical way that best addresses the characteristics of child thought entering the first year because:

  • At that age, the child syncretically perceives his surroundings.
  • The child perceives earlier, better, and quicker ways differences than the similarities.
  • The child perceives earlier and more easily than the differences of color forms, not readily apparent small differences.
  • The child does not feel spontaneously need to analyze the parts of a whole, if not perform this operation led to mental.
  • When you are motivated by a keen curiosity and a vital interest.
  • Every child is intuitive and at 5 and 6 still perceived globally.

The teaching of reading and writing should flow from oral language to get the child brings to school, which will gradually be enriched through successive stages. The overall method is to apply the teaching of reading and writing the same process that continues to teach children to speak. In boys and girls, thanks to their visual memory, recognizes phrases and sentences and words in them. So also, they spontaneously build relationships and recognize the identical elements in the image of two different words.

STEPS TO FOLLOW

COMPREHENSION STAGE:

Is to recognize the significance of something, take the child to understand what you are reading, understand the meaning of the word in a sentence. Label the room with names of objects found there (room counsel). Place in each student as your name. Use materials labeled with their name and they are in sight of all. Introduce the students to sentence types, so that they visually recognize and follow the instruction, like: take out your notebook, look for the book, and so on. Recognize new words by its context, for example: the teacher writes Mimi ate the mouse, the meaning of Mimi was deduced from the words of context.

STAGE OF IMITATION:

In this stage, the child imitates the teacher. Children copy and can read sentences. Form new phrases or sentences with familiar words, with material like chips or boards. Study and known written words dictated to them by the teacher. Rounding orally and in writing incomplete sentences.

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT:

In this stage, the child is able to recognize more complex words, using the concepts already learned to recognize the syllables contain identical words at the beginning, middle, or end. Identify words within other words (sun + soldier given). Recognize words by their initial sounds. Identify the vowels within words.

STAGE PRODUCTION:

In this stage, the child is able to produce and read texts with senses. Children to read, understand, and explain the reading, answer questions about reading a book, reciting poems, singing songs, storytelling, etc. Bring and write news, jokes, information, etc. Develop a reading book, with posters made in conjunction with the teacher.

BENEFITS

The most important quality of the method is based on the syncretic capacity or global view of the child and therefore follows the natural process of learning. Let’s follow the laws of learning: a) the effect, b) the exercise, c) association, d) the motivation. Encourages learning from the beginning of the reading comprehension, developing a smart attitude and a deep interest in reading as a source of pleasure and information. It provides simultaneous read and write fairly quickly. Allows students to have the opportunity to see daily progress of the learning process and assessing their own progress in reading and writing. The fact of combining literacy with the practice of drawing aid retention.

Disadvantages

  • The application process before the teacher must know in advance to apply.
  • You must remove words that do not meet children’s interests and instead are negative psychology.
  • Most of the students require special assistance to acquire skills and to identify the elements of words.
  • Alone is not enough for the child to learn, must be supplemented by another method.
  • It strengthens the relationship phoneme-grapheme.

REQUIREMENT OF METHOD:

  • The teacher or the teacher should handle specific requirements of the method.
  • Knowledge of: Child Psychology, Psychology of learning and learning laws.
  • The requirement of individualized attention.
  • Takes a long time for the total learning.
  • Have enough space to store materials and keep on hand in the classroom.
  • Let there be rapprochement between home and the classroom, helping to facilitate the development of the method.

It is necessary and essential that teachers make use of teaching equipment and materials used in this method, because if you do get satisfactory results when applied.