Educational Principles, Purposes, and Types Explained
Educational Principles, Purposes, and Types
Principles
The ultimate foundation of the theory. Principles cannot be demonstrated.
Physical Principles
- Materials: ICTs, books, etc.
- Temporary: Recognize that there is no zero time.
- Space: Dimensions of the center, class, etc.
Psychological Principles
Example: Development should be taken into account.
Sociological Principles
Characteristics of households, relationships between individuals, etc.
Legislative Principles
What is established by law.
Deontological Principles
What is ethical and not ethical.
Pedagogical Principles
Those established from the educational theory from which it starts. Fundamental truths of pedagogy. Speculative character (they are ideas) and practical character (they guide). Derive from the concept of person, from the idea of an end.
Concept of Person
- Unity: A person is a complex reality.
- Singularity: Each person is an individual, unique.
- Opening: By its intelligence and will.
- Freedom: Self-determination capacity.
For Self-Education, the Person Must Develop In:
- Integrity: To achieve inner unity, the coherence of life.
- Personality: Cultivating singularity.
- Solidarity: Developing the capacity to open.
- Commitment: Learning the right use of freedom.
Principles to Guide Educational Action
- Principle of Personal Growth: In relation to the student and the task of self-education. Education is the perfect development of a person, in its entirety and uniqueness, opening to the reality in which the person lives, and committing in solidarity with it through the right use of freedom.
- Principle of Educational Intervention: In relation to the educator and the help provided. Education is the help it provides to another in its task of personal growth, who has the right to intervene and moral strength recognized for it.
- Principle of Cooperation: In relation to the commitment of both in the shared task. Education is the joint action of educator and student, through interpersonal communication and cooperation, they reach the fullest and most valuable of themselves.
Purposes
The purpose pursued is what gives meaning to any act. It is something complex enough that it uses different terms referring to it.
Ultimate Purpose of Education
The ultimate goal of the human being is happiness. Achieve goals and your own happiness.
The End of Heteroeducation
Freedom from which each person can self-educate to achieve their end as a human being.
Educational Totalitarianism
When, from heteroeducation, happiness, “well-being”, or equalization of citizens is established as an end, the freedom of the person is suppressed.
Types of Education
Education: The process of acquiring knowledge through study or imparting knowledge by way of instructions or some other practical procedure. It facilitates us to investigate our own considerations and thoughts and makes it ready to express it in various shapes. Education is the main thing that encourages us to distinguish between right and wrong.
Formal Education
Takes place in the premises of the school, where a person may learn basic, academic, or trade skills. Given by qualified teachers. The student and the teacher are aware of the facts and engage themselves in the process of education. Begins in elementary school and continues with secondary school. Post-secondary education is usually at a university, which may grant an academic degree. It is associated with a specific structure and is provided under a set of rules.
Examples:
- Learning in class
- School certification, university degrees
- Planned education of different subjects having a syllabus
Characteristics:
- Structured hierarchically
- Planned and deliberate
- Scheduled fees are paid regularly
- Child taught by teachers
Advantages:
- Students acquire knowledge from trained teachers
- Structured learning process
- Institutions are managerially organized
- Leads to a formally recognized certificate
- Easy access to jobs
Disadvantages:
- Sometimes brilliant students are bored due to the long wait for the expiry of the academic session to promote to the next stage
- Bad habits adoption due to the presence of good and bad students
- Wastage of time as some lazy students may fail to learn properly
Informal Education
Occurs when you are not studying in a school and don’t use any particular learning method. Conscious efforts aren’t involved. Not imparted by an institution such as a school/college. Not given according to any fixed timetable. No set curriculum required. Consists of experiences and living in the family.
Examples:
- Teaching a child basics such as numbers
- Learning a mother tongue
Characteristics:
- No syllabus
- Not pre-planned and has no timetable
- Lifelong process in a natural way
- No fees are required
Advantages:
- More natural learning process
- Involves activities like individual and personal research on a topic of interest for themselves
- Utilizes a variety of techniques
- Less costly and time-efficient learning process
Disadvantages:
- Information acquired from the internet, TV, etc., may lead to disinformation
- Utilized techniques may not be appropriate
- No proper schedule
- Lack of confidence in the learner
- Unpredictable results
Non-Formal Education
Includes adult basic education, adult literacy education, or school equivalency preparation. Imparted consciously and systematically implemented. Should be organized for a homogeneous group and be programmed to serve the needs of it.
Examples:
- Boy Scouts develop sports programs like swimming
- Fitness programs
- Free courses for adult education
Characteristics:
- Planned apart from the school system
- Syllabus and timetable adjustable
- Practical and vocational education
- No age limit
- Full or part-time learning
Advantages:
- Practical and vocational training
- Flexibility in age, curriculum, and time
- No need to conduct regular exams
- Diplomas and certificates aren’t essential to be awarded
Disadvantages:
- Attendance of participants is unsteady
- Non-professional and untrained teachers
- Students may not enjoy full confidence as the regular students
- Basic reading and writing skills are crucial to learn