Effective Communication: Process, Barriers, and Strategies
Elements of the Communication Process
Sender: The person who initiates the message.
Message: The information or ideas being conveyed.
Channel: The medium used for transmission (e.g., air, magazine, newspaper).
Code: The system of signs understood by both sender and receiver (e.g., words, gestures, pictures).
Receiver: The person who receives and decodes the message.
Context: The circumstances surrounding the communication, influencing interpretation.
Feedback: The receiver’s response, indicating understanding.
Functioning of the Communication Process
The process begins with an idea. The sender encodes the idea using a shared code, transmits the message through a channel, and the receiver decodes it. Finally, the receiver provides feedback.
Communication Barriers and Strategies to Overcome Them
Receivers encounter obstacles hindering understanding. These include:
- Physical circumstances: Noise, visual distractions, technical issues.
- Code used: Differences in language or jargon.
- Personal factors: Mood, personality, experiences.
Types of Communication Barriers
- Information filtering: Manipulation of the message.
- Lack of feedback: Absence of receiver response.
- Halo effect: Perception based on general impression.
- Tendency to judge: Preconceived notions about the message or sender.
- Selective perception: Interpretation based on individual needs and experiences.
- Emotions: Influence of mood on sending or receiving messages.
- Lack of empathy: Inability to understand others’ perspectives.
- Language: Different meanings for the same word.
- Projection: Attributing own characteristics to others.
- Mistrust: Sender’s credibility issues.
- Inconsistency: Mismatch between verbal and nonverbal communication.
Strategies to Overcome Communication Barriers
- Use feedback: Ask for clarification and observe reactions.
- Adapt language: Use clear and accessible language.
- Active listening: Focus on understanding the message.
- Control emotions: Manage emotional influence.
- Observe nonverbal language: Pay attention to gestures and expressions.
- Be trustworthy: Act consistently.
- Repeat the message: Ensure clarity.
Classifying Communication
By Direction
- Vertical communication: Between hierarchical levels (upward and downward).
- Horizontal communication: Between individuals at the same level.
By Adaptation to the Environment
- Formal communication: Follows established channels.
- Informal communication: Arises from natural interaction.
Vertical Communication
Upward communication: From subordinates to superiors.
Downward communication: From superiors to subordinates.
Horizontal Communication
Occurs between individuals at the same hierarchical level.
Formal and Informal Communication
Formal communication: Follows organizational structure.
Informal communication: Occurs outside official channels.
Information Pathways
Communication networks and channels within an organization.
Centralized Network Types
can be distinguished the following types of centralized communication networks: Network chain, every person communicates only with that which is nearest in the hierarchy. Communication can only travel chickens varying degrees, not lateral or horizontal, but only up or down. Star network: there is a leader who transmits the information. The communication is fully centralized in él.También is known as radio network or in a circle. Red Y: uses both chain network and star network. There are two leaders, which can cause conflicts.
Ö types of decentralized networks: Red circle: there is no leader to centralize the flow of communication. The information is available to all members of the company, but each can only interact with fellow next to him. An individual can communicate vertically with superiors and subordinates and counted next level colleagues. Free network: all the group members communicate with each other. Everyone talks with everyone.
OEstrategias the issuer: expressive oral communication: The social health care technician should consider the following strategies in oral language: Working the idea to be conveyed. Before issuing a message must be clear about what is going to pass, why and for what. It should establish a small scheme with the main ideas is to communicate, the relationships are between and secondary ideas. Think of the audience. It is not the same as speaking to a group of specialists for a child. The receiver determines largely how to take the message. Care must be vocabulary that will be simple, clear and consistent with the person or group listening. Manage-language resources. Caring for the vocals. Talk to an appropriate pace, using silences intelligently because the attention of the interlocutor, and make due tiempo.Variar breaks his voice to emphasize certain aspects of exposure, avoiding monotonous tones that make the listener and not be distracted attention.-Be flexible. If the feedback indicates that messages are not received or understood correctly, you must change the narrative strategy in the act: changing the type of language used to present the most entertaining content, support them with quotes, examples and anecdotes. “Talking with interest. If you talk to unwillingness of a subject, in all likelihood it will be very interesting aburrido.Temas may not seem so if he presents it does with passion and enthusiasm. Support materials exposure. Various elements can help to attract the attention of the recipient: pictures, videos, audio, etc.
OEstrategias recipient: receptive oral communication: The receiver should concentrate on the person who is speaking. Mentally summarize what he says will help him not to be distracted and order in his mind the ideas you want to communicate. This is to develop active listening, ie, understanding the message is heard and give evidence of this constant. To improve this skill is necessary: that the recipient will take the time to listen. No hasty to jump to conclusions before the inter speaker has finished talking not have a defensive attitude, believing that after 16 it is said there is a hidden message against him. Listen with empathy. Do not interrupt the speaker. Issue feedback: just nodding and saying to, ‘sender that the message is being received. Do not rhetorical questions to clarify any doubts. Take notes.
OEstilos communication, assertiveness, self-esteem and confidence. Communication of ideas, wishes and feelings directly, but without hurting the caller. Defend themselves without attacking the rights of others or follow the wishes of others. Achievement of our objectives without harming others. Gaze, facial expression and body orientation clear and open, relaxed. Deliberate gestures. Strong voice. Non-aggressive eye contact. Using the first person: me. Using phrases like “I”, “I believe,” “think,” what’s your opinion?. O behaviors necessary to be assertive can distinguish the following behaviors that lead to assertiveness: Being empathic. If the assertive person is to achieve its objectives without damaging those of others, you must first know what others want or expect. The assertive individual not only cares about winning it, is the ultimate “I win, you win.” Active listening. Put the five senses as to be transmitted, trying to get the message correctly. Be positive. Express sincere affection and appreciation for others. In this way they approach the positions of the actors and dialogue are encouraged. Expressed in person. Speaking of things that happen to one: 10 which to me is that …”, “I feel …-,” I’m worried …”, instead of 10 that happens is that you … ” . ‘I got tired, “” you have done …”, “you said …”. Use your sense of humor. relieves tension and bring the parties together in dialogue. Use the feedback constantly. For always ensure that communication occurs in the right way: by asking questions, nodding.
Or techniques for being assertive: Scratched disc. Is repeated several times that you want to get another person until he agrees. Insist it is a legitimate right to see satisfied. Fog bank. Is to accept some of the arguments of the other person. This, to a partial grant, will be more willing to talk. -Share experiences. Discuss situations experienced can be identified with the speaker leads his empathy and his willingness to listen better-Assertion negative. Accept criticism paves the path to understanding. The partner feels heard and show greater willingness for dialogue. This should not be abandoned to their own claims.
OEstilos communication, aggression and passivity. The aggressive individual imposes his wishes even if it means violating the rights “of others. Lacks self-esteem and confidence. Offensive attitudes is hiding behind it does not control the situation. Insults, humiliates and does not base its conclusions on reasoned arguments. . His posture is very erect, head high. Invades your body space inter ‘announcer. Use a strong voice and a provocative look. Use phrases like “because I said so,”’You have to …” or “do not let that …”.
6.5.2. The individual liability (or disabled) does not expose their ideas openly. Do not defend what he wants. Leave your rights are violated. You do not have self-esteem. It is thought incapable of controlling a situation. Let others choose for him. Not maintain eye contact. Speaks hesitantly and uses a low tone. Use phrases like “well, maybe …”,” not important.
OLa in the organizational chart is used to establish communication between two companies or between a company and a particular. There are several types of cards: the claim, offer, invitation, request for information, etc. The letter can not be written informal and free. Should follow a pattern: Heading: is the top of the chart. May contain a letterhead with the name and logo (if any) of the company and the data sender and recipient. Then insert the date and a formal greeting. Body: the main part, which explains the issue that motivated the letter. Close: the farewell signature.
OThe minutes: This is a document that noted the issues, discussions and agreements reached in a meeting. It is usually written in a book of minutes. The record has the following parts: Title and name of company, association or group. ^ Place, date and time of commencement and completion. List of attendees. Summary of interventions. Signature of president and secretary.
R issuers communicative OEstrategias: The message is recorded in a material. Be aware of what is said. We have more time to prepare for the broadcast of the message. It is convenient to structure the ideas and make a small script which outline what is meant and in what order. The feedback is not immediate. The message should be as clear as possible and riq reasonable doubt. Take longer to know whether you got the receiver and how he interpreted it. OEstrategias issuer communication: written expressive communication: to learn to write any document or text. Must apply the following strategies: Reading: reading is the best way assimilate the proper use of language, to enrich the vocabulary and writing skills improve. Conciseness: You must separate the essential from the accessory, so that the receiver will make clear the fundamental. Clarity has to select an appropriate language for the recipient to understand without difficulty. Spelling and grammar: it is to use the code correctly chosen. Presentation: clean text, without corrections or stains, easy to read. The separation of the various sections easy to understand the message, the reader assimilates in parts. Emphasize important concepts is another way to draw readers’ attention to the basics.
O7 .5. Receiver communication strategies: receptiv written communication is essential to be able to, correctly understand written messages. If you read mechanically not really understand what is written. No message is received no communication ey. To achieve an effective reading to do: Do not simply read one word after another, but seeking the meaning of the text. Use the dictionary often. Sometimes a text is not understood because there are unknown words. Searching for words in the dictionary we enrich our vocabulary. You need to have the intention to understand, it takes a proactive stance. Reading requires attention and involves effort. . Above all, learning to read must read.
Orparticular four forms of nonverbal communication (Díez de Castro and Redondo, 1996): 8.1.1. The customization consists in modulating the emission of the message. The tone of voice can give a very different sen Tido the same words as a quote can change the interpretation of a written sentence. 8.1.2. Body language Body movements may reinforce or give a particular meaning to the message you are trying to convey. When talking with a person or persons, are reflected and send signals through body language. This includes several aspects that must be taken into account in the analysis, non-verbal language: posture, gestures, gaze and smile. 8.1.3. The objects in a communicative situation, the objects also provide information for example, clothing that bears the issuer offers lots of information. 8.1.4. The physical distance be somewhere away from the partner is important. Proxemics studies the personal and social use of space in a communicative context. There are different distances or spaces for each situation and interpersonal relationship: Intimate Distance: 15 to 50 cm. This distance is understood by each individual as their own. Are allowed only to people close: spouse, children, relatives and close friends. Personal distance between 50 cm and 1 m. This distance is what separates the peo ple who have no close ties with each other. Is used for work colleagues and acquaintances jo. Social distance: between 1 and 2.5 m. Partir.del marks the limit which the presence of a person does affects another. Is the distance between strangers. Public distance: more than 2.5 m. It refers to everything outside the individual.