Electrical Circuits and Safety: Essential Concepts
Electrical Circuits: Essential Concepts and Safety
Short Circuit
A short circuit is the union of two wires or parts of an electrical circuit with a potential difference or voltage to each other, without any electrical impedance between them.
Cutouts
Cutouts are no more than a section of wire thinner than normal conductors, placed at the entrance of the circuit for protection. When the current increases due to a short circuit, this part heats up and, therefore, is the first to melt.
Differential
A differential is an electromechanical device placed in electrical installations to protect people from referrals due to lack of insulation between conductors and earth or the ground of the apparatus.
Fluorescent Lamps
Fluorescent lamps are discharge lamps of value in a low-pressure mercury atmosphere and an inert gas. They are based on the phenomenon of fluorescence, where ultraviolet light is transformed into visible light due to the phenomenon of luminescence.
Primer
A primer is used for the power or initiation of the lamp. When switching on, the bimetallic tube sheets let current through to heat the electrodes. When the arc jumps, it ionizes the gas, and the bi-metal blades are separated. When the tube lights, the separated sheets prevent the passage of current through the primer.
Contactor
A contactor consists of two parts: one that provides the basis and the terminal face, and another removable part, which carries the switch circuit and control circuit. These parts are adapted to each other by elastic connections and can be joined or separated with or without the aid of a tool.
Link Installation
The link installation connects the distribution networks in the low voltage supply company with indoor facilities for consumers. It comprises the following parts: general protection box, general line of food, location counters, individual referral control box, power switch, general devices, and protection demanded.
Electricity Distribution
- Generation (production) at various thermal, hydraulic, or by alternative processes (solar, wind, or cogeneration).
- Transportation: by high-pressure networks and transformer stations.
- Distribution of electricity to consumers from substations to homes, workshops, offices, etc., where electricity is used.
- Marketing: Electricity is a product of the market, and individual companies should sell it to the user.
Ohm’s Law
The amount of electrical current flowing through a circuit is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. I = V / R and P = V • I
5 Golden Rules for Electrical Safety
- Open and cut all the visible sources of tension.
- Prevent any feedback: latch-lock.
- Verify the absence of tension.
- Start panic and short all the possible sources of tension.
- Determine and mark the work area.
Live Working Methods
On contact, distance, and potential.
Overcurrent
Short circuits.
Surge
External and internal.
Designation of Thermal Magnetic Circuit Breakers
- Curve B: To protect generators and long lengths of cable.
- Curve C: To protect cables that feed receivers for general purposes.
- Curve D: To protect cables with heavy loads starting point.