Electrical Components and Lighting Systems
-Step relay is an electromechanical device that changes the position of each cez internal contacts that receives a current pulse, hata permanecienco in this position receive the following .. Pulse consists of one or more electrical contacts actuated by an electromagnet, a cionjunto terminal (and out) and all housed within an envelope of insulating material .. The current pulses received by the electromagnet coil comes with a button, so a step relay can send a point of light from so many places like pushbuttons are installed.
AUTOMATIC LADDER-is a set of electromechanical elements governing alimbrado uptime of a compound, using push buttons located at different points, samos a current pulse to the automatic switch that turns on the illumination dek amntiene enclosure and for a time that can be adjusted as desired within certain limits, this time over interrumope feeding the circuit and the lamps are turned off automatic foram .. Consists of two circuits:
power (feeding points of light ) maneuver (putting in place the mechanisms)
-Surge-limiting protective devices are used to limit the transient and derive sbretensiones waves correitne unwanted and dangerous to the ground without affecting these teams .. Coenctados surges voltage spikes-are very high and of short duration that can .. Damage connected equipment-are permanent surge voltage increases above 10% of nominal voltage and of duration longer than 1 second, due to disconnection or breakage of the neutral ..
SURGES-limited components consists basically of a is variastor responsible for electrical protection, signaling an element .. The variastor is composed of zinc oxide .. For values of hundreds of volts its impedance is high and few values are very low .. If it is connected properly protects us the installation .. Is based on the gas discharger consists of a tube of ceramic or glass where inside there are two electrodes, the tube has a noble gas is argon or neon that has a certain pressure .. When 700v voltage reaches the discharge resistance value varies from high to low once again removed to have a high resistance .. Are mounted with a fuse and a varistor.-step relay is an electromechanical device that changes the position of internal contacts cez each receiving a current pulse, hata permanecienco in this position receive the following .. Pulse consists of one or more electrical contacts actuated by an electromagnet, a terminal cionjunto (and out) and all housed inside of an enclosure of insulating material .. The current pulses received by the electromagnet coil comes with a button, so a step relay can send a point of light from many places as buttons installed.
AUTOMATIC STEPS “is a set of electromechanical elements governing alimbrado uptime of a compound, using push buttons located at different points, samos a current pulse to the automatic switch that turns on the illumination enclosure and amntiene dek for a time that can be adjusted as desired within set limits, this time interrumope finished feeding the circuit and the lamps are turned off automatic foram .. Consists of two circuits: power (feeding points of light) of maneuver (putting in place the mechanisms) the automatic .. Ladder built into its front a regulator to adjust the operating time to the needs of the place of installation and a manual three position permanently fuincione one to another and the third off automatic operation.ACTION ELECTRIC POWER-current-measurement of continuous corrietne power is measured directly with a device Mennecke vatimero, indicating the scale of the product between the applied voltage and the current flowing through the same .. They are formed by a coil clamp set voltmeters and other mobile .. You must be very careful not to exceed the limits of the tension gauge and intesnsidaya especially of the burn.
monophasic alternating active-measured by a wattmeter with what is measured as continuous.
ac three-phase active-phase system in all stages consume the same intensity and can use only one watt to mediate the active power, active power is three times the total of the meter. HALOGEN-are incandescent lamps with tungsten filament normally in is inert gas inside a halogen iodine chlorine or bromine, the halogen can automatically repair the loss of tungsten particles and can minimize the effects of detachment achieved: to reach higher temperatures with smaller dimensions,, increased luminous efficiency, prolong the lifetime of the lamp.
. there are two types: plain ceramic halogen lamps which are formed by a cylindrical quartz ampoule where there is a filament wrapped tusteno inert gas and a halo, and the double lamps sheath, quartz tube is located is inside a glass tube nsegundo tien normal function of protecting and thermal balance .. Oysters great features of this type of respect for the incandescent lamps is conventional to be smaller than can be used with smaller lights and emit more blue light and bright and is great for shops and housing decoration.
LAMP FILAMENT-strand-what is a conductor of small diameter tungsten which has a high value of resistivity and high melting temperature to improve the efficiency of the lamps limina the filament is wound in a double helix.
rod of glass is in excellent electrical insulation for the conductors feeding the filament.-lead wires carry power from the socket to the filament supports.
rods support-are molideno that supports either the high temperatures and does not react chemically with the material of the filament.
gas-filled bulb that is filled with argon gas and nitrogen especially since it manages to reduce the evaporation of the filament material and thus prolong the life of the lamp and improve light output.
cap-is used primarily for the subjection of the lampreys and the connection of the filament and the electrical current, are made of materials such as brass, aluminum or nickel, the most famous bush edison screw is but also that the bayonet.
Carateristicas-too hot, very low light output, low duration, 1000 hours.
DISCHARGE LAMPS-luminescent light sources are those in which the light produced is obtained by excitation of a gas under electrical discharge between two electrodos.COMPONENTES-the-outer bulb is present in all fluorescent Lamparo least, is a protective inert gas which can take many forms, in cases alguns ultraviolet light becomes visible light.Discharge-tube is a hollow cylinder where discharges occur between lso als electrodes, the gas filler depending on the gas that is so determined als properties.
“electrodes are located inside the tube, where the shocks occur are of tungsten, the network connection is made through the holder and the cap ..
the gas-discharge tube is filled with a mixture of sodium or mercury vapor and inert gas, this addition to determining the properties of light contributes to the improved functioning of the cap-lamp.
. Has the same functions as in other types of lamps, in addition to the Edison screw and bayonet, fluorescent tubes have two primer-calvijas.
. Basically consists by two electrodes placed inside a glass bulb with neon gas at low pressure, when connected to network produces a spike in voltage between electrodes lso to start the download .. Electron out of the blister is a small capacity condenser whose mission is to absorb the energy of rupture in the opening of the plates .. There are now very secure electronic primers that reduce start up time and life is much more ..
reactance provides starting current to achieve the emission of electrons .. Provides .. The output voltage limits the current through the lamp to the proper values of operation.
TYPES OF DISCHARGE LAMPS-FLUORESCENT-have no outer bulb and is a glass cylindrical tube diameter and length depending on standard power, the tube is filled with inert gas and mercury vapor at low pressure, are characterized by levada luminous efficiency and long life and are suitable for places where you need a quality lighting and in offices, halls, schools, etc. .. The colors they emit Sonvida Aryan daylight, warm white, cool white and universal white .. There are models of various power as 18-36-58W and a diameter of 26mm .. The effectiveness of these depends lamapras: from the power, gas type and pressure, properties that line the tube, temperature, and humidity, is 40-90 lm / w and useful life of 5000-7000h.
“COMPACT FLUORESCENT have the same great features that als conventional powers are made of 4: 5-7-9-11w tieen 45-79lm/wy high luminous efficiency is life .. 6000h are very effective in replacing the conventional filament apra especially high-use sites as hotels, restaurants, etc but the downside is that not enough light to three minutes .. AFTER HIGH PRESSURE MERCURY-lamapras in this type of discharge occurs in a tube containing mercury and ung as inert, with increasing pressure mercury vapor radiation decreases and increases ultraviolertas visible light emitiendoluz blue, green, yellow, etc. Sstancias are added to improve the characteristic fluorescent, are reserved apr alugares as warehouses and streets .. It is very slow encencendido unso 5 minutes because it needs to warm lq mercury vapor, they require external reactance estabilixar lamp current between efficiency .. 40-60lm/wy life is 8000h.
LIGHT MIX-vapor is high pressure mercury with some great features of the filament, has no external reactance, thanks to the combination is obtained 20-60lm/wy unr endimeinto of a duration of 6000h .. Palz garage, etc. ..
Metal halide-lamp high pressure mercury, but the tube containing mercury and contain metal halides such as lithium, thallium, which are responsible for the emission of light, they differ depending on various types of metal lamps have an efficacy of 80-100lm/wy uan length of 10000h is good for football stadiums, movie studios .. By its installation requires ractancia primer and takes about 10 minutes on and stabilized ..LOW PRESSURE SODIUM low-rpesion when the light is produced through powder fluorescent light takes 10 minutes .. Unso radiation produced has a yellow color and its main drawback as far blurs the bright colors .. Very effective 15000h .. 160-180lm/wy large duration is used for lighting, decoration-HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM.
. Have a great balance between quality of color and luminous efficacy is 100-130lm/wy this life is 20000h are useful for interior, exterior and decor .. The necessary ignition voltage is very high ..