Electrical, Pneumatic, and Oleohydraulic Circuits
Design and Planning of Optimized Solutions
Design and planning of the optimized solution: This phase involves verifying the chosen solution with detailed drawings and accurate measurements. It also describes the materials, tools, and sheet processes or steps required to build the process, including construction details and finish. It includes the estimated implementation time, budget or cost estimate, and possible impacts.
Construction, Implementation, and Evaluation
At this stage, we execute as planned. What is built is a model or prototype. Subsequently, we evaluate this model to see if it meets the design specifications and to what degree it accommodates the benefits detailed in the project. This phase ends with the acceptance or rejection of the prototype. Acceptance leads to the chain of production, while rejection leads to redesign.
Understanding Circuits
A circuit is a closed chamber through which a fluid flows. Depending on the nature of this fluid, the circuit is called:
- Electrical Circuit: When it is run by an electric current or flow of electrons.
- Pneumatic Circuit: When the fluid is compressed air.
- Oleohydraulic Circuit: When the fluid is a liquid, usually oil or water.
Circuit Elements
- Active Elements: These make the circuit work or provide the energy required to transport the fluid through the circuit, from higher potential to lower.
- Passive Elements: These use and transform the energy supplied by the active elements. They are usually classified as:
- Work Items
- Security Elements
- Operation, Regulation, and Control Elements
Magnitudes and Laws of a Circuit
Magnitudes are measurable properties in a circuit, including its fluids and elements.
Laws of a circuit govern the behavior of the circuit, relating their magnitudes, and their mathematical expression is known as a formula.
Electrical Circuits
Circuit: The flow of electricity is a flow of electrons flowing from higher electrical potential to lower.
Elements of an Electric Circuit
- Active Elements: These elements provide energy in the form of voltage or potential difference. Examples include dynamos, batteries, accumulators, and generators.
- Passive Elements:
- Security: Fuses, magneto-thermal differentials.
- Regulation and Control Elements: Switches, push buttons, commutators, regulators.
- Work Items: These can be represented in many different ways but usually by their internal resistance, inductance, capacitance, or impedance.
Magnitudes of an Electrical Circuit
In an electric circuit, we have three basic values:
- Voltage, Voltage, or Potential Difference: This is the energy or work produced by the active elements. Its unit is the volt (V). Multiples of the volt, such as KV (1000V), and dividers, such as mV (0.01 V), are also commonly used.
- Intensity: This is the charge per unit of time flowing through a conductor. It is represented by (I), and its unit is the ampere (A). Dividers of the ampere, such as mA (0.01A) and μA (0.000010 A), are also used.
- Resistance or Impedance: This is the degree of opposition that elements present to being traversed by electric current. Its unit is the ohm (Ω). Multiples like KΩ (1000Ω) and MΩ (1000000Ω) are also used.
- Power: Represented by P, its unit is the watt (W). Power measures the electrical work done by an element or a circuit in a unit of time and the energy value consumed or dissipated per unit of time in an element or a circuit.