Engine Cooling Systems: Components and Functions
Cooling Water
Cooling water: For a few holes made in the engine block around the cylinder, the cylinder head to the explosion chamber, and the exhaust valves, a current of water [is used]. Water is responsible for absorbing heat. This is called a water chamber or water jacket. The water enters the engine through the bottom of the cylinder block and out the highest, in order to avoid the formation of pockets of steam.
Forced Circulation
Forced circulation: The circulation of fluid to transfer heat from the engine to the radiator is achieved by a pump connected between the radiator and engine. This pump sucks the cold water of the radiator from the bottom and brings it to the motor. A water-cooled radiator fan is installed. The pump and fan are driven by the crankshaft.
Thermosiphon Circulation
Thermosiphon circulation: Exploits the difference in weight between the hot and cold engine radiator. The cold water enters the engine at the bottom of the block, from which rises to the top as it heats. The cooling water in the radiator is produced by a fan connected to the crankshaft. The cold water goes down to the bottom of the radiator and re-enters the block in the lower part. So circulatory movement is achieved naturally because of the density difference of hot water and cold water.
Regulation of the Engine Temperature
The thermostat is an engine temperature controller, to circulate water through the radiator or not, as the engine temperature. The thermostat is installed at the exit of water from the engine block. It consists of a valve commanded by a kind of accordion of very fine, round, corrugated metal, when cold and shrunken, applied against the valve seat and shuts off the radiator. The water cannot be renewed; shirts heat quickly. When it has reached a temperature of 60ºC to 70ºC, alcohol or ether in the accordion is converted into steam, and the hot metal bellows to make it starting to dilate to open the valve that lets water into the radiator. The thermostat should be open at all to get water to 80ºC. If the water tends to cool and is below 70°C, the thermostat will shrink and cut the circulation to maintain temperature.
Radiator
Air transmits the heat removed by the engine cooling water. This deposit consists of a lower and an upper bound for the cooling device. The deposit is less water to the pump suction conduit. From the engine, hot water returns to the upper radiator tank or pump if the thermostat is closed. So the hot water passes from the upper to the lower tank by cooling airflow caused by the departure of the vehicle.
- Comb: Made up of hexagonal tubes tied together laterally. Given the shape of the tubes, the water can pass between them while the air makes the inside of each tube, taking heat deposited by water.
- Tubular: Formed by numerous tubes. The induced draft fan and progress of the vehicle passes through the pipe, evacuating the heat fins that water has turned over.
Water Pump
Are centrifugal type pumps. Movement to the pump motor through pulleys. It has suction and discharge pipes. The first is connected to the bottom of the radiator, so that the rotation of the impeller centrifuge throwing water towards the periphery, to get into the engine block by the pipe, attached directly to the engine block water jackets.
Ventilator
Water flowing through the radiator is cooled by the fan. Currently, fans are thermostatically controlled. Fires when the thermocontact, located in the lower radiator tank.
Heater Operation
When the temperature of the refrigerant activates a switch (thermocontact), the current coming from the battery to terminal 3 of thermocontact exits the terminal 1, passes the resistor 3, and reaches the fan 1. Because of the voltage drop produced by the resistance, the fan turns slowly. If the temperature continues to rise, the thermal contact switch 2 closes and provides power to the relay X to terminal 1. The relay closes its contact exit, and passing current from terminal 3 to 5, allowing the passage of current to the fan, which rotates at full power now.
Relay Functions
Power is being supplied to the electromagnet of the relay; it becomes a magnet and creates a magnetic field. The magnetic field attracts the armature and pushes the metal contacts, making touch. Current passes these contacts and allows the flow of current to the device that is connected to the relay.