English Grammar and Phrasal Verbs: A Comprehensive Guide
To Have Something Done
To have something done: -Have/get (Verb conjugated according to the sentence) + object + past participle
Yet I already always negative of the present perfect!
Conditionals
First Conditional
If + subject + 1st column, subject + will + 1st column
If she studies, she will pass (Negative: If she doesn’t study, she won’t pass)
Second Conditional
If + subject + 2nd column, subject + would + 1st column
If I studied, I would pass (Negative: If I didn’t study, I wouldn’t pass)
Third Conditional
If + subject + had + 3rd column, subject + would + have + 3rd column
If I had studied, I would have passed
Mixed Conditional
If + subject + had + 3rd column, subject + would + 1st column
If I hadn’t drunk, I would feel better
Wish
Present Wish
I wish + I + 2nd column
I wish I won the lottery (Negative: I wish I didn’t…)
Past Wish
I wish + I + had + 3rd column
I wish I had chosen another topic
Wish about Situations or Things
I wish + Subject + would + 1st column
I wish my father would lend her car
Phrasal Verbs
Go with
Combines with
Ex: That hoodie doesn’t go with those suit trousers at all!
Wrap up
Envelop
Ex: It’s cold outside so you need to wrap up before you go out.
Pull on
Pull
Ex: We have to leave now! Just pull on the first thing you find!
Dress up
Disguise
Ex: It’s an informal event so you don’t need to dress up.
Catch on
Become popular
Ex: I wonder if these bags will catch on with students and…
Bring in
Bring, serve
Ex: Now that all the guests are here you can bring it in.
- Arrest
- Assist
- Break the law
- Contaminate
- Commit a crime
- Enquire
- Do community service
- Discover
- Get away with
- Imprison
- Get carried away
- Disturb
- Give a sentence
- Offend
- Go to court
- Interfere
- Go to prison
- Establish
- Pay a fine
- Examine
- Punish
- Try
- Spend time in prison
- Remove
- Treat fairly
Phrasal Verbs: Idioms
- Bring in: bring
- Discover the truth about = get to the bottom of it
- Stand up to: confront
- Accept punishment = face the music
- Let on: reveal
- Discovered him = caught him red-handed
- Found out: discovered
- Wasn’t honest = wasn’t above board
- Cover up: cover up
- Avoided getting into trouble = kept his nose clean
- Stamp out: end
- Behaved badly = stepped out of line
- Set up: establish
- Owned up to: admit
Present Simple Active
Rita writes a letter.
Past Simple Active
Wrote.
Present Perfect Active
Has written.
Future Simple
Will write.
Present Continuous Active
Rita is writing a letter.
Past Continuous Active
Was writing.
Past Perfect Active
Had written.
Future Perfect Active
Will have written.
Future Continuous Active
Will be writing.
Going to Active
Is going to write.
Passive
A letter is written by Rita.
Passive
Was written.
Passive
Has been written.
Active
Will write.
Passive
Will be written.
Passive
A letter is being written by Rita.
Passive
Was being written.
Passive
Had been written.
Passive
Will have been written.
Passive
Will be being written.
Passive
Is going to be written.
Yet I already always negative of the present perfect!
Conditionals
First Conditional
If + subject + 1st column, subject + will + 1st column
If she studies, she will pass (Negative: If she doesn’t study, she won’t pass)
Second Conditional
If + subject + 2nd column, subject + would + 1st column
If I studied, I would pass (Negative: If I didn’t study, I wouldn’t pass)
Third Conditional
If + subject + had + 3rd column, subject + would + have + 3rd column
If I had studied, I would have passed
Mixed Conditional
If + subject + had + 3rd column, subject + would + 1st column
If I hadn’t drunk, I would feel better
Wish
Present Wish
I wish + I + 2nd column
I wish I won the lottery (Negative: I wish I didn’t…)
Past Wish
I wish + I + had + 3rd column
I wish I had chosen another topic
Wish about Situations or Things
I wish + Subject + would + 1st column
I wish my father would lend her car
Phrasal Verbs
Go with
Combines with
Ex: That hoodie doesn’t go with those suit trousers at all!
Wrap up
Envelop
Ex: It’s cold outside so you need to wrap up before you go out.
Pull on
Pull
Ex: We have to leave now! Just pull on the first thing you find!
Dress up
Disguise
Ex: It’s an informal event so you don’t need to dress up.
Catch on
Become popular
Ex: I wonder if these bags will catch on with students and…
Bring in
Bring, serve
Ex: Now that all the guests are here you can bring it in.
- Arrest
- Assist
- Break the law
- Contaminate
- Commit a crime
- Enquire
- Do community service
- Discover
- Get away with
- Imprison
- Get carried away
- Disturb
- Give a sentence
- Offend
- Go to court
- Interfere
- Go to prison
- Establish
- Pay a fine
- Examine
- Punish
- Try
- Spend time in prison
- Remove
- Treat fairly
Phrasal Verbs: Idioms
- Bring in: bring
- Discover the truth about = get to the bottom of it
- Stand up to: confront
- Accept punishment = face the music
- Let on: reveal
- Discovered him = caught him red-handed
- Found out: discovered
- Wasn’t honest = wasn’t above board
- Cover up: cover up
- Avoided getting into trouble = kept his nose clean
- Stamp out: end
- Behaved badly = stepped out of line
- Set up: establish
- Owned up to: admit
Present Simple Active
Rita writes a letter.
Past Simple Active
Wrote.
Present Perfect Active
Has written.
Future Simple
Will write.
Present Continuous Active
Rita is writing a letter.
Past Continuous Active
Was writing.
Past Perfect Active
Had written.
Future Perfect Active
Will have written.
Future Continuous Active
Will be writing.
Going to Active
Is going to write.
Passive
A letter is written by Rita.
Passive
Was written.
Passive
Has been written.
Active
Will write.
Passive
Will be written.
Passive
A letter is being written by Rita.
Passive
Was being written.
Passive
Had been written.
Passive
Will have been written.
Passive
Will be being written.
Passive
Is going to be written.
Present Simple—Past Simple
Present Continuous—Past Continuous
Past Simple—Past Perfect Simple
Example: [I went to BCN—Ann says she had gone to BCN]
Present Perfect Simple—Past Perfect Simple
Can—Could
Will—Would
May—Might
Must—Had to
Come—Go
This—That
These—Those
Here—There
Now—Then
Today—That day
Tomorrow—The following day
Yesterday—The day before
This week—That week
Next month—The following month
Last day—The day before
A week ago—The week before
Questions
[Did you pass your exams?– She asked me if we had passed the exams]
[How long have you lived in Blanes?– She asked me how long I had lived in Blanes?]
Order
[Don’t throw papers and sit properly– He asked me not to throw and to sit properly]
Break into
Last night the police broke into a house looking for drugs. (enter to rob, break into)
Bring up
We didn’t want to talk about the subject but Tom brought it up. (bring up, raise, educate, mention as a topic of discussion)
Carry out
The detective will carry out an investigation to solve the mystery. (carry out an investigation)
Come across
Joey came across a very interesting book the other day. (come across, run into)
Get on
Get on to the mechanic, this is something I can’t fix. (get in touch with)
Give back
The doctors will do all they can to give Jack his sight back. (give back, make someone regain a quality or ability after losing it)
Give up
Richard gave up smoking after his father died of lung cancer. (give up, quit, surrender, on- give up on, to- dedicate all your time and energy to doing something, let something control you completely, especially an emotion)
Kick off
The Black team kicked off at seven. (start a game by kicking the ball)
Pull over
The car’s making a funny noise, I’ll pull over to see what it is. (pull over, overturn, move aside)
Put up
I can’t believe that the prices are putting up so much. (hang, lift, build, accommodate, increase)
Rip off
The police ripped the sofa leather off but they didn’t find anything. (tear, cheat, swindle, rob-through high prices)
Run over
The driver didn’t see the cat and ran over it. (spill, run over)
Take out
Can you drive? The trip’s taken it out of Tom and he needs to rest. (remove, invite to a party, etc, of- make someone feel)
Tell off
Henry has been told off because of his bad behaviour in class. (reprimand)
Turn up
The cat finally turned up after being absent for many days. (appear, turn up the volume)