English Grammar and Vocabulary: A Comprehensive View

Posted on Mar 13, 2025 in English

Essential English Grammar

Verbs Followed by Infinitives or Gerunds

*INF (Infinitive):

  • Agree
  • Decide
  • Offer
  • Promise
  • Refuse

Verbs Followed by ‘to’ + Infinitive:

  • Allow
  • Advise
  • Expect
  • Explain
  • Forget
  • Offer
  • Persuade
  • Suppose

Verbs Followed by Someone + ‘to’ + Infinitive:

  • Advise
  • Encourage
  • Invite
  • Persuade
  • Remind
  • Warn
  • Tell

*V-ING (Gerund):

  • Admit
  • Advise
  • Avoid
  • Deny
  • Help
  • Mind
  • Recommend
  • Suggest

Verbs Followed by Prepositions and Gerunds:

  • Insist + on
  • Accuse, Approve, Intention, Disappointment + someone + of
  • Apologize, Blame, Responsible + for
  • (Prevent) + someone + from
  • Advise, Admit, Accept, Explain, Deny, Recommend, Suggest, Says + that + clause

Common Phrasal Verbs

  • Blame on (culpar a)
  • Borrow from
  • Call off (cancelar)
  • Carry on (continuar)
  • Come up with (venir a la mente)
  • Cut down on (reducir)
  • Further back (más atrás)
  • Get of (conseguir de)
  • Get on with (llevarse bien con)
  • Get over (recuperar de, superar algo)
  • Lock up (cerrar)
  • Meet up (reunir)
  • Put off (desanimar, posponer)
  • Put on (ganar peso)
  • Put up with (aguantar)
  • Put up (ofrecer espacio dormir)
  • Result in (resultar en)
  • Remark (observar)
  • Set off (salir de casa)
  • Sort out (arreglar, solucionar)
  • Take out a loan
  • Take up (volver a cogerlo)
  • Talk into (persuadir)
  • Took off (instantly)
  • Turn down (rechazar)
  • Turn out to be (resulta ser)
  • Turn up (aparecer)
  • Work out (solucionar, hacer ejercicio)
  • Work over (dar una paliza)

Writing Structures

Essay Writing

Example Introduction Phrases:

  • Many people believe that living in the countryside provides a better way of life. However, is it really better to live in the countryside than in a city?
  • Should [Topic] be considered a current problem in our society?
  • Should mobile phones be considered the evolution of new technology devices?
  • There are some clear advantages to living in a city.
  • Some people think… / People are… / Everyone says… / People often disagree about… / Many people feel that…
  • I believe this is an essential key to accessing… / Although it may not seem like that, this is an effective way of reducing…

Report Writing

  1. Introduction: The aim of this report is to outline the advantages and potential problems of… / Is to provide information about… / This report might be useful to know the main reasons why students will choose to go. / In order to do this, I have visited…
  2. Advantages: There are several advantages of using… Firstly,…
  3. Problems: The main concerns that were raised are as follows… / In light of the above, we believe that the following measures should be adopted.
  4. Recommendations: It would seem that… / I would therefore recommend that… I hope this recommendation outlined in this report will receive your serious consideration. / The high cost of time and money outweighs the advantages, so I would recommend looking at other options.

Informal Letter Writing

Useful Phrases:

  • Thanks for your email. It was nice to hear from you.
  • It’s been such a long time since we contacted each other.
  • You remember that I told you I was going to…
  • There is a wide variety of meals such as…
  • There is a place that I would highly recommend visiting called… If you feel like going… I’m sure you will like it!
  • Give my love to your family and let me know what you think.
  • I’m really looking forward to meeting up again soon.
  • Best wishes.

Formal Letter Writing

Useful Phrases:

  • I am writing for one of the positions. / Following your recent advertisement in…, I would like to apply for the position of…
  • I have always been interested in using English in my work.
  • One of the main reasons I am applying for this job is that I want to work in England. / I have a lot of experience dealing with the public. / I have done several projects related to customer service. / In addition, I possess the energy and good communication skills which you are looking for.
  • In the near future, I would like to continue studying English, and so the job in your… would be a great opportunity for me to improve my speaking.
  • I would be grateful if you would send me further details of the job.
  • I enclose my CV, and I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
  • I will be available for an interview at any time.
  • Thank you for considering my application.

Review Writing

Useful Phrases:

  • The film I would like to review is…
  • It is based on the well-known book and tells the story… There are many memorable characters, including…
  • The main theme of this film is… The key moments are…
  • I would recommend this film to anyone, even those who do not usually enjoy fantasy films. What I would say to them is, go and try it!
  • It’s one of the best shows I’ve ever seen. The film makes you feel good; I can watch it again and again and never get bored.