English Grammar and Vocabulary Guide
Passive Voice
Structure: Subject + to be + past participle (+ by + agent)
Examples:
- Present Simple: eat/s → am/is/are eaten
- Present Continuous: am/are/is eating → am/are/is being eaten
- Past Simple: ate → was/were eaten
- Past Continuous: was/were eating → was/were being eaten
- Present Perfect: have/has eaten → have/has been eaten
- Past Perfect: had eaten → had been eaten
- Be Going To: am/is/are going to eat → am/is/are going to be eaten
- Will: will eat → will be eaten
- Modal Verbs: should, must, need, could, can.. → modal verb + be eaten
Causative Verbs
Structure: Have/get + something (object) + done (action) → past participle
Impersonal Actions
Structures:
- Subject + verb (to be + participle) + to + infinitive
- It + verb (to be + participle) + that
Society Vocabulary
- Life expectancy: esperanza de vida
- Senior citizens: persona gran
- Population growth: creixement de la població
- End poverty: acabar amb la pobresa
- Ageing population: envelliment de la població
- Own their own poverty: posseir terres i construir en ella
- Be made homeless: vagabundo
- A tiny minority: petita minoria
- Individual privacy: privacitat individual
- Protect your identity: protegir la teva identitat
Reading Text Vocabulary
- Date back to
- Essential: esencial
- Infinite: ilimitat
- Instantly: immediat
- Join in: apuntarse
- Joy: plaer, alegría,
- Line up: fer fila
- Remote: llunyà, apartat
- Truly: de veritat
- Unfamiliar: desconegut
Positive Adjectives
- Affordable: a bon preu
- Appealing: atractiu
- Convenient: convenient
- Efficient: eficient
- Effortless: sense esforç/ facil
- First-rate: excelent
- Standard: norma
- Unbeatable: invencible
- Well-established: ben establert
- Worthwhile: que val la pena