English Grammar Guide
Present Simple
| Subject | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I, You, We, They | talk, eat, learn, watch, do, go… |
| He, She, It | talks, eats, learns, watches, does, goes… |
Present Continuous
| Subject | Auxiliary (to be) | Gerund |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
| He, She, It | is | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
| You, We, They | are | talking, eating, learning, doing, going… |
Have to
| Long Form | Short Form | Long Form | Short Form | Short Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I did not have | I didn’t have | I had not | I hadn’t | I’d not |
| You did not have | You didn’t have | You had not | You hadn’t | You’d not |
| He did not have | He doesn’t have | He had not | He hadn’t | He’d not |
| She did not have | She didn’t have | She had not | She hadn’t | She’d not |
| It did not have | It didn’t have | It had not | It hadn’t | It’d not |
| We did not have | We didn’t have | We had not | We hadn’t | We’d not |
| You did not have | You didn’t have | You had not | You hadn’t | You’d not |
| They did not have | They didn’t have | They had not | They hadn’t | They’d not |
Present Perfect
| Subject | Auxiliary | Short Form | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| I, You, We, They | have | I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve | talked, learned, traveled… |
| He, She, It | has | he’s, she’s, it’s | talked, learned, traveled… |
Irregular Verbs
| Verb | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been |
| do | did | done |
| go | went | gone |
| make | made | made |
| see | saw | seen |
Comparative/Superlative Adjectives
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|
| angry | angrier | angriest | enfadado, enojado |
| bad | worse | worst | malo |
| big | bigger | biggest | grande |
| bright | brighter | brightest | brillante, luminoso |
| broad | broader | broadest | ancho, amplio |
| busy | busier | busiest | ocupado, ajetreado |
| calm | calmer | calmest | Tranquilo |
| cheap | cheap | cheaper | barato |
| dirty | dirtier | dirtiest | sucio |
| early | earlier | earliest | pronto, temprano |
| easy | easier | easiest | facíl |
| far | further/farther | furthest/farthest | lejos, distante |
| fast | faster | fastest | rápido |
| funny | funnier | funniest | gracioso, curioso, raro |
| good | better | best | bueno |
| great | greater | greatest | grande, genial |
| happy | happier | happiest | feliz, contento, alegre |
| hard | harder | hardest | duro, difícil |
| heavy | heavier | heaviest | pesado, grueso, fuerte, duro |
| large | larger | largest | grande |
| late | later | latest | tarde, restrasado, reciente |
| new | newer | newest | nuevo, fresco, reciente, moderno |
| nice | nicer | nicest | simpatico, agradable, bueno |
| old | older/elder | oldest/eldest | viejo, anciano, antiguo |
| short | shorter | shortest | corto, bajo, chaparro |
| slow | slower | slowest | lento |
| small | smaller | smallest | pequeño |
| true | truer | truest | cierto, verdadero, leal, fiel |
| ugly | uglier | ugliest | feo |
| young | younger | younges | joven |
Equality with “As…As”
1) as + adjective + as
Chocolate ice cream is as good as strawberry ice cream.
El helado de chocolate es tan bueno como el helado de fresa.
2) as + adverb + as
He doesn’t speak as slowly as the doorman.
El no habla tan lentamente como el portero.
3) as + much + (uncountable noun) + as
I don’t drink as much as you.
No bebo tanto como tu.
I don’t drink as much wine as you.
No bebo tanto vino como tu.
4) as + many + (countable noun) + as
You don’t have as many as me.
No tienes tantos como yo.
You don’t have as many CDs as me.
No tienes tantos compacts como yo.
Too and Enough
This exercise is too easy.
Este ejercicio es demasiado fácil.
I arrived too late.
Llegué demasiado tarde.
I arrived early enough.
Llegué lo suficientemente temprano.
He isn’t old enough to drive.
No es lo suficientemente viejo como para manejar.
Performing Arts
choreographer – coreografora Performance – Actuacion Rehearsal – ensayo Playwright – Director Live music – Musica en vivo
Play / Audition / Orchest / Stage – Etapa / Audience / Conductor / Ballet
Musical Instruments
Clarinet / Violin / Flute / Trombone / Saxopohne / Cello (2) Violin mediano / Acordion / Tambourine (10) Pandero / Trumpet / Steel drums (11) tambor
Double bass (4) Violin grande / Recorder (3)
Places in a Village
Crossroads (3) / Field (6) Campo / Hill (9) Colina / Wood (5) Bosque / Bath (8) Camino / Farmhouse (10) / Church (12) iglesia / Bridge (2) Puente / Stream (4) Arollo / Fence (11) Cerca / Gate (7) Puerta / Singpost (1)
Materials
Drum kit (3) / Execice bike (1) / Medal (5) / Oil painting (4) pintura al oleo / Trunk (2) / Keyboard (6) Teclado
Travel
Book a ticket (2) reservar un billete
Set off on a journey – Embárcate en un viaje
Go hiking – escalar
Plan a route – Planear una ruta
Hiere a bike – Hiere una bicicleta
Pack a rucksack uk –
Backpack us – Empaque una mochila uk
Go sightseeing – Ir de turismo
Stay at youth hoste
Shopping
1 – Counter – Contador
2 – Till – Caja registradora
3 – The sales – Ventas
4 – Bargain – Trato
5 – Shopper – Comprador
6 – Changing rooms – Vestidores
7 – Trolley – Carrito
8 – Basket – Cesto
9 – Checkout – Checador
10 – Receipt – Recepcion
Used To
Afirmativos: I/you/he/she/we/they/it + used to + verbo
Negativos: I/you… + didn’t use to + verbo
Preguntas: Did + use to + verbo
Already/Yet
“Already” se refiere a algo que ha pasado antes o más pronto de lo que se esperaba y es traducido como “ya” en español. “Already” generalmente va entre el verbo auxiliar y el verbo.
They have already finished their homework.
Jacob has already left work.
The train has already arrived.
Yet
I’m really hungry. I haven’t eaten yet.
Have they finished their homework yet?
Has the train arrived yet?
How Much/Many
Contables: How many Incontables: How much